The Psychological Record

Items from 1 to 20 out of 21 results

article

Internet Addiction and Delay Discounting in College Students

Bryan K. Saville, Amanda Gisbert, Jason Kopp, Carolyn Telesco

The Psychological Record > 2010 > 60 > 2 > 273-286

To examine the relation between Internet addiction and delay discounting, we gave 276 college students a survey designed to measure Internet addiction and a paper-based delay-discounting task. In edour larger sample, we identified 14 students who met the criteria for Internet addiction; we also identified 14 matched controls who were similar to the Internet-addicted students in terms of gender, age,...

article

College Students Discount Money “Won” More than Money “Owed”

Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Adam Derenne, Heather K. Terrell

The Psychological Record > 2010 > 60 > 3 > 463-471

Evidence in the research literature indicates people may treat “won” money differently than they would their own money. The present study had a sample of 648 college students complete a delay-discounting task that involved the hypothetical monetary amounts of $1,000 or $100,000. Participants were asked repeatedly what amount they would accept immediately rather than waiting a given length of time...

article

Relation Between Time Perspective and Delay Discounting: A Literature Review

Ursina Teuscher, Suzanne H. Mitchell

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 4 > 613-632

In this article, we examine the relation between delay discounting and future time perspective by reviewing how these concepts have been measured and quantified in order to assess their conceptual similarities. The extent to which the different measures are empirically related is reviewed by describing studies that have assessed both constructs and by comparing the variables that have been associated...

article

Delay Discounting and Social Policy Issues

Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Karyn M. Plumm, Adam Derenne

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 4 > 527-546

The present study used a delay discounting framework to study decisions about six social policy issues and one monetary outcome. For outcomes that nearly all participants discounted, social policies were discounted significantly more than money. A similar result was observed when analyzing all outcomes using data only from participants who discounted all outcomes. Factor analyses, however, indicated...

article

Historical Psychology and the Milgram Paradigm: Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi Reserve Police Battalion 101

Douglas J. Navarick

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 133-154

In Milgram’s (1963, 1965a, 1965b, 1974/2004) experiments on destructive obedience, an authority figure repeatedly ordered a resistant participant to deliver what seemed to be increasingly painful shocks to a confederate victim who demanded to be released. A three-stage behavioral model (aversive conditioning of contextual stimuli, emergence of a decision point, and a choice between immediate and delayed...

article

Delay Discounting Rates are Temporally Stable in an Equivalent Present Value Procedure Using Theoretical and Area under the Curve Analyses

Justin Harrison, Ryan McKay

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 307-320

Temporal discounting rates have become a popular dependent variable in social science research. While choice procedures are commonly employed to measure discounting rates, equivalent present value (EPV) procedures may be more sensitive to experimental manipulation. However, their use has been impeded by the absence of test-retest reliability data. Staff and students at a regional Australian university...

article

The Association Between Delay Discounting and Schizotypal Personality Characteristics in a Nonclinical Sample

Jeffrey N. Weatherly

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 3 > 529-540

Immediacy theory of schizophrenia posits that the behavior of individuals with schizophrenia is controlled to a greater degree by stimuli in the current environment relative to individuals without schizophrenia. Prior research supports this idea by finding that individuals with schizophrenia display steeper rates of delay discounting than those without it. The present study had 272 undergraduate students...

article

Delay and Probability Discounting in Humans: An Overview

Todd L. McKerchar, C. Renee Renda

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 4 > 817-834

The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the concepts of delay and probability discounting as well as the major empirical findings to emerge from research with humans on these concepts. First, we review a seminal discounting study by Rachlin, Raineri, and Cross (1991) as well as an influential extension of this study by Madden, Petry, Badger, and Bickel (1997). In doing so, we describe...

article

Using a Visual Analogue Scale to Assess Delay, Social, and Probability Discounting of an Environmental Loss

Brent A. Kaplan, Derek D. Reed, Todd L. McKerchar

The Psychological Record > 2014 > 64 > 2 > 261-269

As anthropogenic influences on climate change become more readily apparent, the role of behavioral science in understanding barriers to sustainable actions cannot be overstated. Environmental psychologists have proposed that some major barrier to sustainability are the delayed, socially distant, and probabilistic effects of public policy efforts aimed at preserving Earth’s resources. This proposal...

article

Training Tolerance to Delay Using the Escalating Interest Task

Jillian M. Rung, Michael E. Young

The Psychological Record > 2014 > 64 > 3 > 423-431

Background The present study examined the history effects of exposure to reinforcement that increased in magnitude as a function of time between responses in a first-person shooter video game preparation of the escalating interest task. Results When reinforcement density increased as a function of time, it encouraged participants to wait longer between responses (shots of a weapon). Participants...

article

Magnitude Effects in Delay and Probability Discounting When Monetary and Medical Treatment Outcomes Are Discounted

Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Heather K. Terrell

The Psychological Record > 2014 > 64 > 3 > 433-440

Delay and probability discounting occur when the subjective value of an outcome decreases because it is delayed or uncertain, respectively. Research using monetary outcomes has shown that both types of discounting are influenced by the magnitude of the outcome, but in the opposite direction. In Experiment 1, university participants completed a delay-discounting task involving hypothetical monetary...

article

Associations Between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Sex on Discounting Rates

Leonardo F. Andrade, Levi Riven, Nancy M. Petry

The Psychological Record > 2014 > 64 > 4 > 639-646

Numerous studies show that individuals with substance use and gambling problems discount delayed and probabilistic outcomes at different rates than controls. Few studies, however, have investigated the association of discounting with antisocial personality disorders (ASPD), and none have evaluated whether sex impacts these relationships. Because females with ASPD exhibit different patterns of antisocial...

article

Probability Alters Delay Discounting, but Delay Does Not Alter Probability Discounting

Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Thomas V. Petros, Harpa L. Jόnsdόttir, Adam Derenne, more

The Psychological Record > 2015 > 65 > 2 > 267-275

Delay and probability discounting occur when the subjective value of an outcome changes because its delivery is either delayed or uncertain, respectively. Although theorists have argued whether these processes are one in the same or distinct, few studies have investigated if and how they interact. Experiment 1 had 191 university students complete a discounting task in which both the delay to and the...

article

You Cannot be Partially Pregnant: A Comparison of Divisible and Nondivisible Outcomes in Delay and Probability Discounting Studies

Przemysław Sawicki, Łukasz Markiewicz

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 1-8

Research by The Psychological Record, 64(3), 433–440. doi: 10.1007/s40732-014-0052-9 , (2014) demonstrated the novel finding that the magnitude effect for medical outcomes does not reverse across delay and probability discounting as it does for monetary outcomes. We suggest that a possible reason for the lack of a reverse magnitude effect in nonmonetary outcomes is incomparable divisibility of discounted...

article

Validation of a Novel Delay Discounting of Text Messaging Questionnaire

Derek D. Reed, Amel Becirevic, Paul Atchley, Brent A. Kaplan, more

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 2 > 253-261

Using cellular phones for text messaging has become a ubiquitous mode of communication in today’s American culture. Text messaging has become a primary source of relationship development and maintenance for many Americans, especially youth. Researchers have begun classifying excessive reliance on text messaging as an addictive behavior, which may lead to risky activities such as texting while driving...

article

Body Mass Index and Caloric Value of Rewards as Parameters That Modulate Delay-Discounting Rates

Raul Avila, Aldo C. Toledo, Karla D. Campos, Chyntia J. Diaz, more

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 3 > 369-380

In this study, the contribution of the caloric value of primary rewards in conjunction with the body mass index (BMI) of 124 adolescents on delay-discounting rates was examined. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to their BMI: low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Subsequently, they estimated the subjective value of the following rewards: fruit, fast food, water, soda,...

article

Differences in Delay, but not Probability Discounting, in Current Smokers, E-cigarette Users, and Never Smokers

Wojciech Białaszek, Przemysław Marcowski, David J. Cox

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 223-230

Steeper delay discounting in substance abuse populations, compared to non-abusing populations, has been well-established in prior studies. Despite the growing interest in e-cigarettes as a novel and relatively understudied form of nicotine consumption, relatively little is known as to how e-cigarette users discount rewards compared to traditional cigarette smokers and never smokers. In the present...

article

Cross-Commodity Delay Discounting of Alcohol and Money in Alcohol Users

Lara N. Moody, Allison N. Tegge, Warren K. Bickel

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 285-292

Despite real-world implications, the pattern of delay discounting in alcohol users when the commodities now and later differ has not been well-characterized. In this study, 60 participants on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess severity of use and completed four delay discounting tasks between hypothetical, equivalent amounts of alcohol...

article

Feasibility of a Mobile Group Financial-Incentives Intervention Among Pairs of Smokers With a Prior Social Relationship

Bethany R. Raiff, Amy Arena, Steven E. Meredith, Michael J. Grabinksi

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 231-239

Smoking is associated with a number of chronic health conditions, including cardiovascular disease and various types of cancer. The decision to smoke can be conceptualized as preference for small, immediate rewards (e.g., relief from withdrawal) over larger, delayed rewards (e.g., good health). Contingency management (CM) takes advantage of this preference for immediate outcomes by delivering incentives,...

article

The Value of Clean Air: Comparing Discounting of Delayed Air Quality and Money Across Magnitudes

Meredith S. Berry, Jonathan E. Friedel, William B. DeHart, Salif Mahamane, more

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 137-148

The detrimental health effects of exposure to air pollution are well established. Fostering behavioral change concerning air quality may be challenging because the detrimental health effects of exposure to air pollution are delayed. Delay discounting, a measure of impulsive choice, encapsulates this process of choosing between the immediate conveniences of behaviors that increase pollution and the...

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PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING (7)
IMPULSIVITY (4)
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS (3)
INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE (3)
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (3)
COLLEGE STUDENTS (2)
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CHOICE (1)
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DECISION-MAKING (1)
DESTRUCTIVE OBEDIENCE (1)
DIVISIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES (1)
DIVISIBLE AND NONDIVISIBLE MEDICAL OUTCOMES (1)
DOMAIN SPECIFIC DISCOUNTING (1)
E-CIGARETTE (1)
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EYSENCK’S PERSONALITY THEORY (1)
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FINANCIAL INCENTIVES (1)
GAMBLING (1)
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RISK IN DELAY (1)
RISKY BEHAVIOR (1)
SCHIZOPHRENIA (1)
SEX (1)
SMARTPHONES (1)
SMOKING CESSATION (1)
SOCIAL DISCOUNTING (1)
SOCIAL POLICY ISSUES (1)
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TECHNOLOGY (1)
TEXT MESSAGE (1)
TIME PERSPECTIVE (1)
TOLERANCE TO DELAY (1)
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The Psychological Record

Internet Addiction and Delay Discounting in College Students

College Students Discount Money “Won” More than Money “Owed”

Relation Between Time Perspective and Delay Discounting: A Literature Review

Delay Discounting and Social Policy Issues

Historical Psychology and the Milgram Paradigm: Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi Reserve Police Battalion 101

Delay Discounting Rates are Temporally Stable in an Equivalent Present Value Procedure Using Theoretical and Area under the Curve Analyses

The Association Between Delay Discounting and Schizotypal Personality Characteristics in a Nonclinical Sample

Delay and Probability Discounting in Humans: An Overview

Using a Visual Analogue Scale to Assess Delay, Social, and Probability Discounting of an Environmental Loss

Training Tolerance to Delay Using the Escalating Interest Task

Magnitude Effects in Delay and Probability Discounting When Monetary and Medical Treatment Outcomes Are Discounted

Associations Between Antisocial Personality Disorder and Sex on Discounting Rates

Probability Alters Delay Discounting, but Delay Does Not Alter Probability Discounting

You Cannot be Partially Pregnant: A Comparison of Divisible and Nondivisible Outcomes in Delay and Probability Discounting Studies

Validation of a Novel Delay Discounting of Text Messaging Questionnaire

Body Mass Index and Caloric Value of Rewards as Parameters That Modulate Delay-Discounting Rates

Differences in Delay, but not Probability Discounting, in Current Smokers, E-cigarette Users, and Never Smokers

Cross-Commodity Delay Discounting of Alcohol and Money in Alcohol Users

Feasibility of a Mobile Group Financial-Incentives Intervention Among Pairs of Smokers With a Prior Social Relationship

The Value of Clean Air: Comparing Discounting of Delayed Air Quality and Money Across Magnitudes

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