The Psychological Record

Items from 1 to 20 out of 40 results

article

Self-Reflection, Insight, and Individual Differences in Various Language Tasks

Xu Xu

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 41-57

This study explored the relationships of self-reflection and insight with individuals’ performances on various language tasks. The Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS; Grant, Franklin, & Langford, 2002) assessed individual differences in three factors: engagement in reflection, need for reflection, and insight. A high need for reflection was associated with a low vocabulary level and a small...

article

Examining Antecedent Control over Emergent Mands and Tacts in Young Children

Claire E. Egan, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 127-140

This study examined the functional independence of mand and tact operants in normally developing children and evaluated the role of SDs in demonstrating emergent responding. In Experiment 1, 4 children aged 4 to 5 years, were trained to mand or tact using left/right relations, then were tested for the emergence of the untaught tact/mand operant. None of the participants demonstrated an emergence of...

article

Sharing, Discounting, and Selfishness: A Japanese-American Comparison

Masato Ito, Daisuke Saeki, Leonard Green

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 59-75

Social discounting rates were compared between Japanese and American college students. In a series of psychophysical questionnaire tasks, participants chose between a hypothetical unshared monetary reward and a hypothetical monetary reward to be shared with other people (relatives or strangers), to determine amounts of the unshared reward subjectively equivalent to the shared reward. The participants...

article

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Baoshan Zhang, Mo Wang, Juan Li, Guoliang Yu, more

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 21-39

Using an experimental design, the effect of concealing academic achievement information on adolescents’ self-concept was examined in the current study. Specifically, adolescents with low academic achievement and adolescents with average to high academic achievement (N = 129) were randomly assigned to different interview contexts wherein academic-achievement information could be concealed or not. Results...

article

Targeting Fear of Spiders with Control-, Acceptance-, and Information-Based Approaches

Alexandra L. Wagener, Robert D. Zettle

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 77-91

The relative impact of control-, acceptance-, and information-based approaches in targeting a midlevel fear of spiders among college students was evaluated. Participants listened to a brief protocol presenting one of the three approaches before completing the Perceived-Threat Behavioral Approach Test (PT-BAT; Cochrane, Barnes-Holmes, & Barnes-Holmes, 2008). During the PT-BAT, participants placed...

article

Testing the Reliability of Delay Discounting of Ten Commodities Using the Fill-in-the-Blank Method

Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Adam Derenne, Heather K. Terrell

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 113-126

Several measures of delay discounting have been shown to be reliable over periods of up to 3 months. In the present study, 115 participants completed a fill-in-the-blank (FITB) delay-discounting task on sets of 5 different commodities, 12 weeks apart. Results showed that discounting rates were not well described by a hyperbolic function but were significantly correlated across the 12 weeks for all...

article

Backward Blocking and Interference Between Cues are Empirically Equivalent in Non-Causally Framed Learning Tasks

David Luque, Joaquín Morís, Cristina Orgaz, Pedro L. Cobos, more

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 141-152

Backward blocking (BB) and interference between cues (IbC) are cue competition effects produced by very similar manipulations. In a standard BB design, both effects might occur simultaneously, which implies a potential problem for studying BB. In the present study with humans, the magnitude of both effects was compared using a non-causal scenario and a within-subjects design. Previous studies have...

article

Interteaching: Bringing Behavioral Education Into the 21st Century

Bryan K. Saville, Tonya Lambert, Stephen Robertson

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 153-165

In recent years, educators have lamented the current state of the American education system, citing a number of possible reasons for its purported downfall. One potential contributor to this negative state of affairs is the continued use of ineffective teaching methods. Interteaching, a new teaching method that has its roots in behavior analysis, offers an effective and user-friendly alternative to...

article

Differences in Mental Rotation Strategies for Native Speakers of Chinese and English and How They Vary As a Function of Sex and College Major

Yingli Li, Michael W. O’Boyle

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 2-19

In this study we examine how native language, sex, and college major interact to influence accuracy and preferred strategy when performing mental rotation (MR). Native monolingual Chinese and English speakers rotated 3-D shapes while maintaining a concurrent verbal or spatial memory load. For English speakers, male physical science majors were more accurate than social science majors and employed...

article

Slot Machine Preferences of Pathological and Recreational Gamblers Are Verbally Constructed

Mark R. Dixon, Holly L. Bihler, Becky L. Nastally

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 1 > 93-111

The current study attempted to alter preferences for concurrently available slot machines of equal payout through the development of equivalence classes and subsequent transfers of functions. Participants rated stimuli consisting of words thought to be associated with having a gambling problem (e.g., desperation and debt), words associated with overcoming a gambling problem (e.g., happiness and wealth),...

article

Future-Oriented Coping and Job Hunting Among College Students

Yueqin Hu, Yiqun Gan

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 253-268

Using a sample of Chinese college students (n = 216), the present study showed that future-oriented coping negatively correlated with perceived pressure and positively correlated with successful job hunting. The relationship between proactive coping and preventive coping was also explored. Structural equation modeling suggested that a sequence model was better than a parallel model; that is, proactive...

article

Establishing Contextual Control over Symmetry and Asymmetry Performances in Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism

Jennifer O’Connor, Yvonne Barnes-Holmes, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 287-312

Experiments 1, 2, and 3 investigated generalized contextually controlled symmetry and asymmetry in typically developing children and children with autism. In Experiment 1, eight typically developing children demonstrated the target performances without intervention. In Experiment 2, multiple-exemplar training and the use of familiar stimuli appeared to be effective in establishing the target performances...

article

Exploring the Relationship Between Workaholism Facets and Personality Traits: A Replication in American Workers

Shahnaz Aziz, Casie L. Tronzo

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 269-286

In this study, we further explored whether any of the dimensions in the five-factor model of personality (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) were related to facets of workaholism (i.e., work involvement, work drive, and work enjoyment) in a sample of American workers in various occupational settings. Results showed that personality factors...

article

Pavlovian Extinction of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Nicotine and Ethanol in Rats Varies as a Function of Context

Joseph R. Troisi

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 199-212

Operant extinction contingencies can undermine the discriminative stimulus effects of drugs. Here, nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) and ethanol (0.8 g/kg) first functioned as either an SD or SD, in SΔ, in a counterbalanced one-lever go/no-go (across sessions) operant drug discrimination procedure. Pavlovian extinction in the training context (levers removed) grossly undermined the response rates and discriminative...

article

Erratum to: The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Baoshan Zhang, Mo Wang, Juan Li, Guoliang Yu, more

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 170-170

The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03395744

article

Parker E. Lichtenstein (1915–2011)

Charles E. Rice

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 171-172

article

Postreinforcement Pause Duration Varies Within a Session and With a Variable Response Requirement but Not as a Function of Prior Revolutions

Terry W. Belke

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 213-226

The current study examined the variables that influence postreinforcement pause (PRP) duration in rats when wheel running serves as the reinforcing consequence. The relationship between revolutions and PRP duration when revolutions were manipulated within a session and the effect of changing the response requirement from fixed to variable on PRP duration were evaluated. The operant was lever pressing...

article

A Derived Relations Analysis of Approach-Avoidance Conflict: Implications for the Behavioral Analysis of Human Anxiety

Steven Gannon, Bryan Roche, Jonathan W. Kanter, John P. Forsyth, more

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 227-252

The current article reports two experiments designed to examine the effects of creating competing approach and avoidance response functions for 2 stimuli that participate in the same derived stimulus relation. Experiment 1 involved establishing each of 2 distinct members (i.e., B1 and D1) of the same 1-node equivalence relation (A-B-C-D) as a discriminative stimulus for avoidance and approach responses,...

article

The Matching Law

Alan Poling, Timothy L. Edwards, Marc Weeden, T. Mary Foster

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 313-322

This article introduces the quantitative analysis of choice behavior by describing a number of equations developed over the years to describe the relation between the allocation of behavior under concurrent schedules of reinforcement and the consequences received for alternative responses. Direct proportionality between rate of responding and rate of reinforcement was observed in early studies, suggesting...

article

A Relational Frame Training Intervention to Raise Intelligence Quotients: A Pilot Study

Sarah Cassidy, Bryan Roche, Steven C. Hayes

The Psychological Record > 2011 > 61 > 2 > 173-198

The current research consisted of 2 studies designed to test the effectiveness of automated multiple-exemplar relational training in raising children’s general intellectual skills. In Study 1, 4 participants were exposed to multiple exemplar training in stimulus equivalence and the relational frames of SAME, OPPOSITE, MORE THAN, and LESS THAN across several sessions and weeks. WISC (III-UK) measures...

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CHOICE (3)
DISCOUNTING (3)
IMPULSIVITY (3)
ASSOCIATIVE (2)
COLLEGE STUDENTS (2)
DECISION MAKING (2)
DELAY DISCOUNTING (2)
GAMBLING (2)
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES (2)
PROPOSITIONAL (2)
RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY (2)
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (1)
ADAPTION-INNOVATION (1)
ADOLESCENTS (1)
ARACHNOPHOBIA (1)
AROUSAL (1)
ATTITUDE CHANGE (1)
ATTITUDE FORMATION (1)
ATTITUDES (1)
AUTISM (1)
AVOIDANCE (1)
BEHAVIORISM (1)
BET SIZE (1)
BINGE EATING DISORDER (1)
BLACKJACK (1)
CFC SCALE (1)
CHINESE (1)
CHOICE OVERLOAD (1)
COGNITION (1)
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY (1)
COGNITIVE STYLE (1)
COLLEGE MAJOR (1)
CONCEALING ACHIEVEMENT INFORMATION (1)
CONCURRENT SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT (1)
CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION (1)
CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATIONS (1)
CONFEDERATES (1)
CONSUMERS (1)
CONTEXTUAL CONTROL (1)
CROSS-SOCIETAL COMPARISON (1)
CUE-EXPOSURE (1)
DEICTIC RELATIONS (1)
DISCRIMINATION REVERSAL (1)
DOMAIN SPECIFIC (1)
DRUG DISCRIMINATION (1)
EFFORT DISCOUNTING (1)
EMOTION (1)
EQUIVALENCE (1)
ETHANOL (1)
EXTINCTION (1)
FACTOR ANALYSIS (1)
FUNCTIONAL (1)
GENERALIZED MATCHING LAW (1)
HYPOTHETICO-DEDUCTIVE METHOD (1)
IAT (1)
IDENTITY MATCHING TO SAMPLE (1)
IMPLICIT ATTITUDES (1)
IMPLICIT COGNITION (1)
IMPLICIT RELATIONAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE (1)
INSIGHT (1)
INTELLIGENCE (1)
INTEROCEPTIVE EXTINCTION (1)
INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE (1)
IQ (1)
IRAP (1)
JUDGMENT (1)
LEVER PRESS (1)
LEXICAL ACCESS (1)
MALES (1)
MATCHING EQUATION (1)
MATCHING LAW (1)
MELANOMA (1)
MENTAL ROTATION (1)
MENTALISM (1)
METHOD OF LIMITS (1)
METHODOLOGICAL BEHAVIORISM (1)
MODEL (1)
MOTIVATION (1)
MULTIPLE EXEMPLAR TRAINING (1)
NICOTINE (1)
OBESITY (1)
ONE-SHOT DILEMMA GAMES (1)
OPERATIONISM (1)
PAVLOVIAN EXTINCTION (1)
PAVLOVIAN-OPERANT INTERACTION (1)
PERSONALITY (1)
PERSONALITY MEASURE (1)
PERSPECTIVE TAKING (1)
POSTREINFORCEMENT PAUSE (1)
PREVERBAL CHILDREN (1)
PSYCHOPHYSICS (1)
QUESTIONNAIRES (1)
RAT (1)
RATTLESNAKE (1)
RELATIONAL TRAINING (1)
REVOLUTIONS (1)
SELF-CONTROL (1)
SELF-ESTEEM (1)
SELF-REFLECTION (1)
SELF-REPRESENTATION (1)
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The Psychological Record

Self-Reflection, Insight, and Individual Differences in Various Language Tasks

Examining Antecedent Control over Emergent Mands and Tacts in Young Children

Sharing, Discounting, and Selfishness: A Japanese-American Comparison

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Targeting Fear of Spiders with Control-, Acceptance-, and Information-Based Approaches

Testing the Reliability of Delay Discounting of Ten Commodities Using the Fill-in-the-Blank Method

Backward Blocking and Interference Between Cues are Empirically Equivalent in Non-Causally Framed Learning Tasks

Interteaching: Bringing Behavioral Education Into the 21st Century

Differences in Mental Rotation Strategies for Native Speakers of Chinese and English and How They Vary As a Function of Sex and College Major

Slot Machine Preferences of Pathological and Recreational Gamblers Are Verbally Constructed

Future-Oriented Coping and Job Hunting Among College Students

Establishing Contextual Control over Symmetry and Asymmetry Performances in Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism

Exploring the Relationship Between Workaholism Facets and Personality Traits: A Replication in American Workers

Pavlovian Extinction of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Nicotine and Ethanol in Rats Varies as a Function of Context

Erratum to: The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Parker E. Lichtenstein (1915–2011)

Postreinforcement Pause Duration Varies Within a Session and With a Variable Response Requirement but Not as a Function of Prior Revolutions

A Derived Relations Analysis of Approach-Avoidance Conflict: Implications for the Behavioral Analysis of Human Anxiety

The Matching Law

A Relational Frame Training Intervention to Raise Intelligence Quotients: A Pilot Study

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