The Psychological Record

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Use of an ESP Cover Story Facilitates Reinforcement Without Awareness

Lewis A. Bizo, Nicola Sweeney

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 115-123

Participants were exposed to 3 conditions in a between-groups design. Participants were told the experiment was about extrasensory perception and were asked to select the word from a pair of words that they thought the experimenter was thinking about. In 1 condition selections of the word with a double letter were reinforced with positive verbal feedback, and in another condition selections of nondouble...

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Derived Relational Responding and Performance on Verbal Subtests of the WAIS-III

Denis O’hora, Martha Pelaez, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 155-175

Twenty-six monolingual and 46 bilingual college students were assigned to 2 groups on the basis of their performance on a complex relational task, an empirical model of instructional control (O’Hora, Barnes-Holmes, Roche, & Smeets, 2004). The subjects were then exposed to the vocabulary, arithmetic, and digit-symbol encoding subtests of the WAIS-ili. Subjects (N = 31) who successfully completed...

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A Relational Frame and Artificial Neural Network Approach to Computer-Interactive Mathematics

Chris Ninness, Robin Rumph, Glen McCuller, Eleazar Vasquez, more

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 135-153

Fifteen participants unfamiliar with mathematical operations relative to reflections and vertical and horizontal shifts were exposed to an introductory lecture regarding the fundamentals of the rectangular coordinate system and the relationship between formulas and their graphed analogues. The lecture was followed immediately by computer-assisted instructions and matching-tosample procedures in which...

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Inhibiting Irrelevant Information in Malingered Amnesia

F. Richard Ferraro, Ronald V. Park, Hilary Hage, Steve Palm

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 125-134

Two groups of undergraduates received simulated amnesia instructions that either informed them how amnesics perform on memory tasks (informed; n = 11) or did not inform them about how amnesics perform on memory tasks (uninformed; n = 9). A third group received no such instructions (control; n = 9). Performance on a negative priming task revealed that both malingering groups displayed significantly...

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Amount of Priming in the Difference of Mental Transformation

Nobuhiro Kanamori, Akihiro Yagi

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 91-101

We examined in detail effects of priming in 2 mental rotation strategies: spinning (rotating in a picture plane) and flipping (rotating in depth around a horizontal axis) by using a priming paradigm of Kanamori and Vagi (2002). The priming paradigm included prime and probe tasks within 1 trial. In the prime task, 16 participants were asked to mentally rotate an inverted object to upright. In the probe...

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Effects of a Synthetic Predator Odor (TMT) on Freezing, Analgesia, Stereotypy, and Spatial Memory

Jon L. Williams, Catherine Baez, Katherine J. Hladky, Cheri A. Camacho

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 3-38

Exposing rats to the predator odor of trimethylthiazoline (TMT), obtained from the red fox, was compared to exposure to the novel control odor of citronella. In E)(periment 1, TMT produced defensive freezing and an analgesic reaction that was reversed by an opiate antagonist. In Experiment 2, TMT augmented response stereotypy induced by an amphetamine injection. In Experiment 3, TMT interfered with...

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The Lost Millennium: Psychology During the Middle Ages

Tracy B. Henley, B. Michael Thorne

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 103-113

The medieval period—roughly the 1,000 years from the classical Greco-Roman age to the Renaissance and modern era—has long been neglected in the history of psychology. Various reasons have been offered for why this period is treated so lightly, for example, that it was a Dark Age, or that it was dominated by anti-intellectual Christian thought. This essay challenges such reasoning and, in conjunction...

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Sensory and Postural input in the Occurrence of a Gender Difference in Orienting Liquid Surfaces

Michèle Robert, Sophie Longpré

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 67-89

In the water-level task, both spatial skill and physical knowledge contribute to representing the surface of a liquid as horizontal irrespective of the container’s tilt. Under the standard visual format of the task, men systematically surpass women at drawing correct water lines in outlines of tilted containers. The present exploratory experiments in haptic conditions supplemented with facilitating...

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Adjunctive Role for Immediate Feedback in the Acquisition and Retention of Mathematical Fact Series by Elementary School Students Classified with Mild Mental Retardation

Roberta E. Dihoff, Gary M. Brosvic, Michael L. Epstein, Michael J. Cook

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 1 > 39-66

The effects of feedback on the acquisition and retention of mathematical fact series by elementary school students classified with mild mental retardation was examined in 4 studies. Immediate feedback was provided by either an educator or the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique (IF AT), at the end of a test series by a review of correct solutions (delayed feedback), or for control purposes, with...

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Extent and Limits of the Matching Concept in Cebus Apella: A Matter of Experimental Control?

Olavo Faria Galvão, Romariz Silva Barros, José Ricardo Santos, Ana Leda De Faria Brino, more

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 219-232

The capacity to exhibit generalized sameness-difference judgments is a hallmark of cognition that is regularly exhibited by humans. As yet, that capacity has not been well documented in New World monkeys such as the capuchin (Cebus apella). This article presents data obtained with 6 capuchin monkeys with a variety of procedures that might lead to generalized identity matching-to-sample (MTS) in this...

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The Effects of Test Order and Nodal Distance on the Emergence and Stability of Derived Discriminative Stimulus Functions

Ruth Anne Rehfeldt, Simon Dymond

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 179-196

The present study examined the effects of equivalence test order and nodal distance on the emergence and stability of derived discriminative stimulus functions. Participants in 1 group were exposed to a transfer of functions test following a symmetry and equivalence test, another group of participants completed a symmetry and equivalence test following a transfer test, and a final group of participants...

article

Positive Induction is not a Function of “Timing”

Jeffrey N. Weatherly, Emily I. L. Arthur, Brent M. King

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 279-295

Studies have shown that rats’ rates of lever pressing for low-concentration liquid-sucrose reinforcers in the first half of an experimental session are higher if food-pellet, rather than the same sucrose, reinforcement will be delivered in the second half. Experiment 1 investigated whether this induction effect would be altered if subjects were provided with an external “clock” (i.e., stimuli that...

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The Effect of Training Structure on the Latency of Responses to a Five-Term Linear Chain

Thomas Reilly, Robert Whelan, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 233-249

The current experiment investigated the effect of differential training histories on responses to a 5-term linear chain of nonsense syllables (described here with sequential, alphabetical characters; A<B<C<D<E) across unreinfonced probe trials. Participants’ responses to nonarbitrary stimulus relations of Morethan and Less-than were first brought under contextual control. Participants...

article

Attributions of Deception in Datiing Situations

Joseph J. Benz, Mary K. Anderson, Richard L. Miller

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 305-314

Mate selection criteria for humans, and the concept of deception as a mating strategy, have both been demonstrated by past research. This study provides evidence that men and women believe that the mate selection criteria used by one sex corresponds to the deceptive tactics used by the opposite sex. A survey of the deceptive techniques used by men and women was completed by 62 women and 30 men. Results...

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Teaching Equivalence Relations to Individuals with Minimal Verbal Repertoires: Are Visual and Auditory-Visual Discriminations Predictive of Stimulus Equivalence?

Tricia Vause, Garry L. Martin, C. T. Yu, Carole Marion, more

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 197-218

The relationship between language, performance on the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA) test, and stimulus equivalence was examined. Five participants with minimal verbal repertoires were studied; 3 who passed up to ABLA Level 4, a visual quasi-identity discrimination and 2 who passed ABLA Level 6, an auditory-visual non identity discrimination. Only the latter 2 participants demonstrated...

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Experimental Tests of Subjective Bayesian Methods

Yuelin Li, David H. Krantz

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 251-277

We evaluated Samaniego and Reneau’s 1994 novel weight method for eliciting subjective probability estimates. Experiment 1 replicated their experiment (subjects weighed their prior estimate against 10 new observations), with an additional weight judgment against 50 observations. In Experiment 2, subjects gave prior estimates to questions in a domain more familiar to them. In Experiment 3, subjects...

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Book Notes

Edward K. Morris

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 331-332

article

Effects of Behavioral History on Resistance to Change

Adam H. Doughty, Sergio Cirino, Kristin H. Mayfield, Stephanie P. Silva, more

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 315-330

Two experiments examined whether differential resistance to change would occur under identical variable-interval schedules as a function of a differential behavioral history. In Experiment 1, each of 3 pigeons first pecked at different rates under a multiple variable-ratio differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule. In a subsequent condition, a multiple variable-interval variable interval schedule...

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Improving the Response Rate to a Street Survey: An Evaluation of the “But you are Free to Accept or to Refuse” Technique

Nicolas Guéguen, Alexandre Pascual

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 2 > 297-303

The “but you are free to accept or to refuse” technique is a compliance procedure in which someone is approached with a request by simply telling him/her that he/she is free to accept or to refuse the request. This semantic evocation leads to increase compliance with the request. Furthermore, in most of the studies in which this technique was tested, subjects have been asked to give money to a confederate...

article

Books Received

The Psychological Record > 2005 > 55 > 3 > 505-508

INFONA - science communication portal

The Psychological Record

Use of an ESP Cover Story Facilitates Reinforcement Without Awareness

Derived Relational Responding and Performance on Verbal Subtests of the WAIS-III

A Relational Frame and Artificial Neural Network Approach to Computer-Interactive Mathematics

Inhibiting Irrelevant Information in Malingered Amnesia

Amount of Priming in the Difference of Mental Transformation

Effects of a Synthetic Predator Odor (TMT) on Freezing, Analgesia, Stereotypy, and Spatial Memory

The Lost Millennium: Psychology During the Middle Ages

Sensory and Postural input in the Occurrence of a Gender Difference in Orienting Liquid Surfaces

Adjunctive Role for Immediate Feedback in the Acquisition and Retention of Mathematical Fact Series by Elementary School Students Classified with Mild Mental Retardation

Extent and Limits of the Matching Concept in Cebus Apella: A Matter of Experimental Control?

The Effects of Test Order and Nodal Distance on the Emergence and Stability of Derived Discriminative Stimulus Functions

Positive Induction is not a Function of “Timing”

The Effect of Training Structure on the Latency of Responses to a Five-Term Linear Chain

Attributions of Deception in Datiing Situations

Teaching Equivalence Relations to Individuals with Minimal Verbal Repertoires: Are Visual and Auditory-Visual Discriminations Predictive of Stimulus Equivalence?

Experimental Tests of Subjective Bayesian Methods

Book Notes

Effects of Behavioral History on Resistance to Change

Improving the Response Rate to a Street Survey: An Evaluation of the “But you are Free to Accept or to Refuse” Technique

Books Received

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