The Psychological Record

Items from 1 to 20 out of 29 results

article

An Investigation into the Relationship between the Gender Binary and Occupational Discrimination Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure

Aoife Cartwright, Ian Hussey, Bryan Roche, Jenny Dunne, more

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 121-130

The social construction of gender-as-binary plays an important role within many contemporary theories of gender inequality. However, to date, the field of psychology has struggled with the operationalization and assessment of binarist ideologies. The current article proposes a technical framework for the analysis of the gender binary and assesses the suitability of the Implicit Relational Assessment...

article

A Risk-Reduction Model of Sharing: Role of Social Stimuli and Inequity

Stephanie Jimenez, Cynthia Pietras

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 11-25

The present study experimentally investigated human cooperation (sharing) in a laboratory foraging task that simulated environmental variability and resource scarcity (shortfall risk). Specifically, it investigated whether a risk-reduction model of food sharing derived from the energy budget rule could predict human cooperative behavior. Participants responded on a computer task for money and were...

article

Equivalence Based Instruction by Group Based Clicker Training and Sorting Tests

Antonios Varelas, Lanny Fields

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 71-80

Equivalence classes were formed of the names (A), time periods (B), and characteristics (C) of three stages of prenatal development of the students in a classroom. The baseline relations for these classes (AB and CB) were established on a group basis by the students in a classroom through the use of “feedback-enhanced clicker-training”. Thereafter, class formation was tracked on an individual basis...

article

Implicit Cross-Community Biases Revisited: Evidence for Ingroup Favoritism in the Absence of Outgroup Derogation in Northern Ireland

Sean Hughes, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, Sinead Smyth

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 97-107

Despite their application in virtually every area of psychological science, indirect procedures have rarely been used to study how Catholic and Protestants automatically respond to one another in Northern Ireland. What little evidence that does exist suggests that automatic ingroup favoritism occurs alongside outgroup derogation. That is, Catholics and Protestants automatically evaluate ingroup members...

article

Categorical Discrimination of Sequential Stimuli: All S^Δ Are Not Created Equal

Elizabeth G. E. Kyonka, Nathaniel Rice, Alexander A. Ward

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 27-41

Pigeons were exposed to a novel variation of a stimulus discrimination task previously used with rats as a slot machine analog. We sought to replicate and extend characterizations of structural characteristics of responding, determine relations between those characteristics and identify predictors of individual differences in performance. Pecking during a “collect” phase produced food if and only...

article

Effects of Reinforcement Context on Initial Link Responding in Concurrent Chain Reinforcement Schedules

Paul Romanowich, Alyssa Cozine, Daniel L. Worthen

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 43-50

Previous research shows that relative initial- and terminal-link temporal duration influences concurrent chain choice proportions. However, little research has examined whether reinforcement outside of either links influences concurrent chain choice proportions and/or response rates. We examined this by conducting an experiment in which 11 pigeons responded on concurrent chain schedules that alternated...

article

Laboratory Measures of Aggression in Methadone Patients Pre- and Postdose

Catherine Gayman, Cynthia Pietras

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 51-60

Purpose Studies with humans have shown that acute opioid administration increases aggressive behavior, but no laboratory study has yet investigated whether opioid withdrawal produces comparable effects. Methods This study investigated whether mild opioid deprivation affected aggression in 6 males and 6 females (N = 12) undergoing methadone maintenance therapy. Aggressive behavior was measured using...

article

The Relation Between Sorting Tests and Matching-to-Sample Tests in the Formation of Equivalence Classes

Erik Arntzen, Sjur Granmo, Lanny Fields

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 81-96

Using the simultaneous protocol, 20 college students attempted forming three 5-member equivalence classes (A → B → C → D → E). In Group 1, baseline training was followed serially with a sorting test, a matching-to-sample (MTS) test of derived relations, and a second sorting test. In Group 2, baseline training was followed with an MTS test, a sorting test, and a second MTS test. In Group 1, initial...

article

Effects of Programmed Errors of Omission and Commission During Auditory-Visual Conditional Discrimination Training With Typically Developing Children

Samantha C. Bergmann, Tiffany M. Kodak, Brittany A. LeBlanc

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 109-119

This series of translational studies investigated the effects of programmed treatment-integrity errors on skill acquisition for typically developing children during trial-and-error instruction for auditory-visual conditional discriminations. In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of errors of omission and commission with reinforcement delivery during 17% to 18% of trials compared to high-integrity...

article

Erratum to: The Effect of Conditional Discrimination Reversals with SMTS and DMTS on Reorganization of Equivalence Classes

Giovan W. Ribeiro, Marcelo V. Silveira, Harry A. Mackay, Julio C. Rose

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 131-132

The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40732-016-0194-z .

article

Proportion of Available Points Predicts Student Attendance in College Courses

Regina A. Carroll, Claire C. St. Peter

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 61-69

One intervention used to increase attendance at collegiate class meetings is to provide points for activities that take place in class; however, the percentage of course points necessary to facilitate high attendance is unknown. In Experiment 1, we assessed the relation between the relative percentage of points available for in-class activities and student attendance across three psychology courses...

article

Promoting Psychological Flexibility on Tolerance Tasks: Framing Behavior Through Deictic/Hierarchical Relations and Specifying Augmental Functions

Bárbara Gil-Luciano, Francisco J. Ruiz, Sonsoles Valdivia-Salas, Juan C. Suárez-Falcón

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 1 > 1-9

Recent research is advancing in the analysis of the defusion and self-based exercises used in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) through relational frame theory (RFT) terms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of two RFT-defined defusion protocols in promoting psychological flexibility by altering the discriminative functions of avoidance of aversive private events. Thirty participants first...

article

Differences in Delay, but not Probability Discounting, in Current Smokers, E-cigarette Users, and Never Smokers

Wojciech Białaszek, Przemysław Marcowski, David J. Cox

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 223-230

Steeper delay discounting in substance abuse populations, compared to non-abusing populations, has been well-established in prior studies. Despite the growing interest in e-cigarettes as a novel and relatively understudied form of nicotine consumption, relatively little is known as to how e-cigarette users discount rewards compared to traditional cigarette smokers and never smokers. In the present...

article

Cross-Commodity Delay Discounting of Alcohol and Money in Alcohol Users

Lara N. Moody, Allison N. Tegge, Warren K. Bickel

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 285-292

Despite real-world implications, the pattern of delay discounting in alcohol users when the commodities now and later differ has not been well-characterized. In this study, 60 participants on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to assess severity of use and completed four delay discounting tasks between hypothetical, equivalent amounts of alcohol...

article

Probability Discounting and Cardiovascular Risk: The Effect of Side-Effect Severity and Framing

Rana Asgarova, Anne C. Macaskill, Brian J. Robinson, Maree J. Hunt

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 169-179

An expectation of healthcare delivery is that patients can make informed decisions about whether and how to treat chronic health conditions. Decisions are complex because treatment is not always 100% effective and side effects can occur without a beneficial outcome. It is important, therefore, to understand the drivers of individual choices about whether to accept a treatment, particularly, how people...

article

The Use of Health Coaching to Improve Health Outcomes: Implications for Applied Behavior Analysis

Heather E. Finn, Rebecca A. Watson

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 181-187

Chronic health conditions are predominant in the USA. Health coaching has demonstrated significant results in increasing health-promotion behaviors that impact the development or progression of chronic health conditions (Simmons & Wolever, 2011). Behavior analysis has also contributed to this body of research with effective behavior-change procedures (Allen & Hine, 2015). While often not cited,...

article

Monitoring Cocaine Use and Abstinence Among Cocaine Users for Contingency Management Interventions

August F. Holtyn, Todd W. Knealing, Brantley P. Jarvis, Shrindhi Subramaniam, more

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 253-259

During contingency management interventions, reinforcement of cocaine abstinence is arranged by delivering an incentive when a urine sample tests cocaine-negative. The use of qualitative versus quantitative urinalysis testing may have important implications for effects on cocaine abstinence. Qualitative testing (i.e., testing that solely identifies whether a particular substance is present or absent)...

article

A Longitudinal Behavioral Economic Analysis of Non-medical Prescription Opioid Use Among College Students

Lidia Z. Meshesha, Alison M. Pickover, Jenni B. Teeters, James G. Murphy

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 241-251

Despite the growing opioid epidemic in the US, few studies have identified theoretically based risk factors for non-medical prescription opioid (NMPO) use among young adults. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the behavioral economic hypotheses that NMPO use would be associated with lower levels of reinforcement from substance-free activities and future time orientation. Participants were...

article

Saliva Cotinine as a Measure of Smoking Abstinence in Contingency Management – A Feasibility Study

Catherine Gayman, Kevin Anderson, Cynthia Pietras

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 261-272

The present study investigated the feasibility of using twice-weekly monitoring of saliva cotinine in a prize-based contingency-management program for smoking cessation. Saliva samples were tested using semi-quantitative NicAlert™ cotinine test strips. Smokers (N = 20) who reported smoking at least five cigarettes per day were randomly assigned to either a contingent or a non-contingent reinforcement...

article

Behavioral Economic Predictors of Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behavior in College Drinkers

Shea M. Lemley, William A. Fleming, David P. Jarmolowicz

The Psychological Record > 2017 > 67 > 2 > 197-211

Heavy alcohol use among college students is a major public health concern. Alcohol use commonly occurs with sexual risk behaviors, but etiology remains unclear. Behavioral economics has yielded insights into decision-making processes underlying problematic health choices, including alcohol use and sexual risk behavior. In particular, the reinforcer pathologies framework has integrated behavioral economic...

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DELAY DISCOUNTING (5)
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS (3)
CHOICE (3)
COLLEGE STUDENTS (3)
CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT (3)
BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (2)
DEMAND (2)
HEALTH (2)
INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE (2)
OBESITY (2)
PIGEONS (2)
PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING (2)
RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY (2)
SMOKING (2)
ACADEMIC INTERVENTIONS (1)
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (1)
AGGRESSION (1)
AIR QUALITY (1)
ALCOHOL (1)
ALCOHOL USE (1)
ATTENDANCE (1)
BEHAVIORAL MOMENTUM (1)
BENZOYLECGONINE (1)
CANCER (1)
CATEGORICAL COHERENCE (1)
CHOICE DECISION-MAKING (1)
CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS (1)
CIGARETTE SMOKING (1)
CLICKER TRAINING (1)
COCAINE (1)
COLLEGE INSTRUCTION (1)
COMMISSION (1)
CONCURRENT-CHAINS (1)
CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT (1)
CONSERVATION (1)
CONTEXT (1)
COOPERATION (1)
COTININE (1)
CRAVING (1)
CROSS-COMMODITY (1)
CUE REACTIVITY (1)
DECISION-MAKING (1)
DEFUSION (1)
DELAY DISCOUNTINGᅟ (1)
DISCOUNTING (1)
DRUG DEPENDENCE (1)
E-CIGARETTE (1)
ENERGY-BUDGET (1)
ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOME (1)
EQUIVALENCE CLASS FORMATION (1)
EQUIVALENCE-BASED INSTRUCTION (1)
EXERCISE (1)
EXTRAVERSION (1)
EYSENCK’S PERSONALITY THEORY (1)
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES (1)
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS (1)
GAMBLING (1)
GENDER BINARISM (1)
GENDER DISCRIMINATION (1)
GROUP TRAINING (1)
HEALTH COACHING (1)
HEALTHY EATING (1)
HEART ATTACK (1)
HIERARCHICAL RELATIONS (1)
IMMEDIATE EMERGENCE (1)
IMPLICIT COGNITION (1)
IMPLICIT RELATIONAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE (1)
IMPULSIVITY (1)
INCENTIVES (1)
INDIVIDUAL FEEDBACK (1)
INDOOR TANNING (1)
IRAP (1)
KEY PECK (1)
METHADONE (1)
MONEY MANAGEMENT (1)
NEAR-MISS EFFECT (1)
NEUROTICISM (1)
NICALERT (1)
NICOTINE DEPENDENCE (1)
NODAL STRUCTURE (1)
NON-MEDICAL USE OF PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS (1)
NORTHERN IRELAND (1)
OMISSION (1)
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY (1)
POMS (1)
PREFERENCE (1)
PRIZE (1)
PSAP (1)
PSYCHOTICISM (1)
REINSTATEMENT (1)
RELAPSE (1)
RENEWAL (1)
RESPONSE RATE (1)
RESURGENCE (1)
RISK IN DELAY (1)
RISK REDUCTION (1)
RISK-SENSITIVE FORAGING (1)
SELF AS CONTEXT (1)
SELF-MANAGEMENT (1)
SEXUAL RISK (1)
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The Psychological Record

An Investigation into the Relationship between the Gender Binary and Occupational Discrimination Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure

A Risk-Reduction Model of Sharing: Role of Social Stimuli and Inequity

Equivalence Based Instruction by Group Based Clicker Training and Sorting Tests

Implicit Cross-Community Biases Revisited: Evidence for Ingroup Favoritism in the Absence of Outgroup Derogation in Northern Ireland

Categorical Discrimination of Sequential Stimuli: All S^Δ Are Not Created Equal

Effects of Reinforcement Context on Initial Link Responding in Concurrent Chain Reinforcement Schedules

Laboratory Measures of Aggression in Methadone Patients Pre- and Postdose

The Relation Between Sorting Tests and Matching-to-Sample Tests in the Formation of Equivalence Classes

Effects of Programmed Errors of Omission and Commission During Auditory-Visual Conditional Discrimination Training With Typically Developing Children

Erratum to: The Effect of Conditional Discrimination Reversals with SMTS and DMTS on Reorganization of Equivalence Classes

Proportion of Available Points Predicts Student Attendance in College Courses

Promoting Psychological Flexibility on Tolerance Tasks: Framing Behavior Through Deictic/Hierarchical Relations and Specifying Augmental Functions

Differences in Delay, but not Probability Discounting, in Current Smokers, E-cigarette Users, and Never Smokers

Cross-Commodity Delay Discounting of Alcohol and Money in Alcohol Users

Probability Discounting and Cardiovascular Risk: The Effect of Side-Effect Severity and Framing

The Use of Health Coaching to Improve Health Outcomes: Implications for Applied Behavior Analysis

Monitoring Cocaine Use and Abstinence Among Cocaine Users for Contingency Management Interventions

A Longitudinal Behavioral Economic Analysis of Non-medical Prescription Opioid Use Among College Students

Saliva Cotinine as a Measure of Smoking Abstinence in Contingency Management – A Feasibility Study

Behavioral Economic Predictors of Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behavior in College Drinkers

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