The Psychological Record

Items from 1 to 20 out of 56 results

article

Does Conspecific Fighting Yield Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats?

Sadahiko Nakajima, Gaku Kumazawa, Hayato Ieki, Aya Hashimoto

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 83-90

Running in an activity wheel yields conditioned aversion to a taste solution consumed before the running, but its underlying physiological mechanism is unknown. According to the claim that energy expenditure or general stress caused by physical exercise is a critical factor for this taste-aversion learning, not only running but also other stressful exercises should yield conditioned aversion to the...

article

Experimenter Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity and Task Performance During Mental Stress Testing

Nicole Siegwarth, Kevin T. Larkin, Christine Kemmner

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 69-82

Experimenter effects have long been hypothesized to influence participants’ responses to mental stress testing. To explore the influence of experimenter warmth on responses to two mental stress tasks (mental arithmetic, mirror tracing), 32 young women participated in a single 45-min experimental session. Participants were randomized into warm experimenter or cold experimenter conditions that were...

article

Learning from Animals? Examining the Nature of Human Uniqueness

Thomas R. Zentall

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 159-161

article

The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Emotional Intelligence from a Gendered Approach

Esther Lopez-Zafra, Rocio Garcia-Retamero, M. Pilar Berrios Martos

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 97-114

Studies on both transformational leadership and emotional intelligence have analyzed the relationship between emotions and leadership. Yet the relationships among these concepts and gender roles have not been documented. In this study, we investigated the relations among transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, and gender stereotypes. Four hundred thirty-one Spanish undergraduates (162...

article

Equivalent Stimuli are more Strongly Related after Training With Delayed Matching Than after Simultaneous Matching: A Study Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP)

Renato Bortoloti, Julio C. Rose

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 41-54

Bortoloti and de Rose (2009) found evidence that the level of functional transfer is higher in equivalence classes generated by delayed matching to sample (DMTS) than in classes generated by simultaneous matching (SMTS). We attempted to replicate these findings with the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP). Two experimental groups established two equivalence classes, each comprised of faces...

article

A Behavior Analytically Modified Implicit Association Test for Measuring Sexual Categorization of Children

Amanda Gavin, Bryan Roche, Maria R. Ruiz, Maria Hogan, more

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 55-68

The current study assessed the sexual categorization of children among a random sample of adults from the general population. Twenty-seven males and 27 females (N = 54) were exposed to a categorization task that assessed their ability to discriminate adult-from child-related words and sexual from nonsexual words. Then, in a modified Implicit Association Test they were required to respond with a particular...

article

The Influence of Prior Handling on the Effective CS-US Interval in Long-Trace Taste-Aversion Conditioning in Rats

Charles F. Hinderliter, Amy Andrews, James R. Misanin

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 91-96

In conditioned taste aversion (CTA), a taste, the conditioned stimulus (CS), is paired with an illness-inducing stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus (US), to produce CS-US associations at very long (hours) intervals, a result that appears to violate the law of contiguity. The specific length of the maximum effective trace interval that has been reported differs from laboratory to laboratory. Metabolic...

article

The Role of Sexual Compulsivity, Impulsivity, and Experiential Avoidance in Internet Pornography Use

Chad T. Wetterneck, Angela J. Burgess, Mary B. Short, Angela H. Smith, more

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 3-18

Previous research has found that a significant proportion of individuals who use Internet pornography (IP) report that their use is problematic in some area of functioning. Problematic IP use has been conceptualized as an aspect of sexual addiction and as having components of impulsivity and compulsivity. Experiential avoidance also has been implicated in problematic IP use. The current study further...

article

An Experimental Investigation of Cognitive Defusion

Brian C. Pilecki, Dean McKay

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 19-40

The current study compared cognitive defusion with other strategies in reducing the impact of experimentally induced negative emotional states. Sixty-seven undergraduates were assigned to one of three conditions (cognitive defusion, thought suppression, or control) and instructed in standardized approaches relevant to each condition before viewing film clips intended to elicit fear, sadness, and disgust...

article

Historical Psychology and the Milgram Paradigm: Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi Reserve Police Battalion 101

Douglas J. Navarick

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 133-154

In Milgram’s (1963, 1965a, 1965b, 1974/2004) experiments on destructive obedience, an authority figure repeatedly ordered a resistant participant to deliver what seemed to be increasingly painful shocks to a confederate victim who demanded to be released. A three-stage behavioral model (aversive conditioning of contextual stimuli, emergence of a decision point, and a choice between immediate and delayed...

article

The Role of Emotions in Reinforcement: Response Selection in Humans

Geir Overskeid

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 125-131

Historically, researchers have never quite been able to agree as to the role of emotions, if any, when behavior is selected by its consequences. A brief review of findings from several fields suggests that in contingency-shaped behavior, motivating events, often unconscious, seem needed for reinforcement to select behavior. In rule-governed behavior, on the other hand, conscious feelings may be necessary...

article

Behavioral Foundations of Effective Autism Treatment

Lindsay Deling, F. Richard Ferraro

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 155-158

article

Interdependency Between Risk Assessments for Self and Other in the Field of Comparative Optimism: The Contribution of Response Times

Florence Spitzenstetter, Sarah Schimchowitsch

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 1 > 115-124

By introducing a response-time measure in the field of comparative optimism, this study was designed to explore how people estimate risk to self and others depending on the evaluation order (self/other or other/self). Our results show the interdependency between self and other answers. Indeed, while response time for risk assessment for the self does not vary depending on the evaluation order, assessment...

article

Effects of two Training Conditions on the Emergence of Novel Intraverbals: An Extension of Peréz-González et al. (2008)

Charlotte L. Carp, Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 187-205

Pérez-González, Herszlikowicz, and Williams (2008) demonstrated the emergence of novel intraverbal responses following the training of several intraverbals. The present study replicated and extended that study by separating two training conditions that were combined in the previous study. Nine typically developing children ages 6–7years were first taught A-B and B-C verbal relations and then probed...

article

Titration of Limited Hold to Comparison in Conditional Discrimination Training and Stimulus Equivalence Testing

Erik Arntzen, Silje Haugland

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 243-261

Reaction time (RT), thought to be important for acquiring a full understanding of the establishment of equivalence classes, has been reported in a number of studies within the area of stimulus equivalence research. In this study, we trained 3 classes of potentially 3 members, with arbitrary stimuli in a one- to-many training structure in 5 adult participants, using a touch screen and software-based...

article

Verbal Behavior in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders at the Onset of an Early Behavioral Intervention Program

Mélina Rivard, Jacques Forget

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 165-186

The scope of this study was direct observation of verbal behaviors of 14 children with autism spectrum disorders at the onset of an early behavioral intervention (EBI) program delivered in a public services agency. Objectives were to (1) describe frequencies of vocal, verbal, and listener behaviors; (2) evaluate the relationship between the behaviors and the children’s level of functioning (IQ and...

article

The Role of Intraverbal Exchanges in Assessing Parent-Child Relationships

Nurper Gökhan, Tracy A. Dennis, Angela M. Crossman

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 207-224

The present investigation evaluated the role of verbal exchanges between parent and child (intraverbal exchanges) in relation to two contemporary measurements of the parent-child relationship, mutual responsive orientation (MRO) and synchrony. Data were collected from 30 mother-preschool child dyads (19 girls, 11 boys) during a laboratory assessment. Rates of intraverbal exchange, MRO, and a major...

article

Training and Deriving Precalculus Relations: A Small-Group, Web-Interactive Approach

Jenny McGinty, Chris Ninness, Glen McCuller, Robin Rumph, more

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 225-242

A small-group, web-interactive approach to teaching precalculus concepts was investigated. Following an online pretest, 3 participants were given a brief (15 min) presentation on the details of reciprocal math relations and how they operate on the coordinate axes. During baseline, participants were tested regarding their ability to construct formulas for a diversified series of graphs. This was followed...

article

Measuring Joint Stimulus Control by Complex Graph/Description Correspondences

Lanny Fields, Jack Spear

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 279-293

Joint stimulus control occurs when responding is determined by the correspondence of elements of a complex sample and a complex comparison stimulus. In academic settings, joint stimulus control of behavior would be evidenced by the selection of an accurate description of a complex graph in which each element of a graph corresponded to particular sentences and phrases in the description. The current...

article

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Spider Fear

Emma Nicholson, Dermot Barnes-Holmes

The Psychological Record > 2012 > 62 > 2 > 263-277

A greater understanding of implicit cognition can provide important information regarding the etiology and maintenance of psychological disorders. The current study sought to determine the utility of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a measure of implicit aversive bias toward spiders in two groups of known variation, high fear and low fear. The study also endeavored to ascertain...

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Keywords

DELAY DISCOUNTING (4)
EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE (4)
HUMANS (3)
IMPULSIVITY (3)
RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY (3)
RELATIONAL RESPONDING (3)
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (2)
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (ACT) (2)
BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE MODEL (2)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (2)
CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION (2)
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (2)
DEPRESSION (2)
ESSENTIAL VALUE (2)
ESTABLISHING OPERATIONS (2)
EXTINCTION (2)
IMPLICIT COGNITION (2)
IRAP (2)
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT (2)
RATS (2)
RUMINATION (2)
STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE (2)
VERBAL BEHAVIOR (2)
AAC (1)
ABSTRACTION (1)
ACTIGRAPHY (1)
ADOLESCENCE (1)
ADULT HUMANS (1)
AFTER (1)
ANCHORING EFFECT (1)
ANTI-SEMITISM (1)
AREA UNDER THE CURVE (1)
ATTRACTIVENESS (1)
AUTISM (1)
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS (1)
AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR (1)
B. F. SKINNER (1)
BEFORE (1)
BEHAVIOR SENSITIVITY (1)
BEHAVIORAL PERSISTENCE (1)
CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY (1)
CATEGORIZATION (1)
CHESS PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT (1)
CHOICE (1)
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY (1)
COGNITIVE DEFUSION (1)
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE (1)
COGNITIVE FUSION (1)
COHERENCE (1)
COLLEGE STUDENTS (1)
COLLEGE-LEVEL CONTENT (1)
COMBINATORIAL ENTAILMENT (1)
COMMUNICATION TRAINING (1)
COMPARATIVE OPTIMISM (1)
COMPLEX COMPARISON STIMULI (1)
COMPLEX SAMPLE STIMULI (1)
COMPOUND STIMULI (1)
COMPUTER-BASED INSTRUCTION (1)
COMPUTER-BASED RACING (1)
CONCEPT TEACHING (1)
CONCEPTS (1)
CONCRETENESS (1)
CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION (1)
CONDITIONING (1)
CONFORMITY AND BIAS (1)
CONNECTIONIST MODELING (1)
CONSTRUCTION-BASED TRAINING (1)
CORRESPONDENCE TRAINING (1)
COSMETICS (1)
CREATIVITY (1)
CUE-EXPOSURE THERAPY (1)
DECISION MAKING (1)
DEICTIC RELATIONAL RESPONDING (1)
DESTRUCTIVE OBEDIENCE (1)
DEVALUATION (1)
DISPOSITIONS (1)
DISTRESS TOLERANCE (1)
DRUG DISCRIMINATION (1)
EARLY BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION (1)
EMOTION (1)
EMOTIONAL DISTRESS (1)
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (1)
EMPATHIC CONCERN (1)
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION (1)
EXPERIMENTER EFFECTS (1)
FACTOR ANALYSIS (1)
FAST (1)
FEEDBACK (1)
FIGHTING (1)
FOUR-MEMBER RELATIONS (1)
FUNCTION ACQUISITION SPEED TEST (1)
FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE (1)
FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE CLASS (1)
FUNCTIONAL TRANSFER (1)
GENDER APPROACH (1)
GENDER ROLES (1)
GENERALIZATION (1)
GRAPH-TEXT CORRESPONDENCE (1)
GROUP TRAINING (1)
HANDLING EFFECTS (1)
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The Psychological Record

Does Conspecific Fighting Yield Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats?

Experimenter Effects on Cardiovascular Reactivity and Task Performance During Mental Stress Testing

Learning from Animals? Examining the Nature of Human Uniqueness

The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Emotional Intelligence from a Gendered Approach

Equivalent Stimuli are more Strongly Related after Training With Delayed Matching Than after Simultaneous Matching: A Study Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP)

A Behavior Analytically Modified Implicit Association Test for Measuring Sexual Categorization of Children

The Influence of Prior Handling on the Effective CS-US Interval in Long-Trace Taste-Aversion Conditioning in Rats

The Role of Sexual Compulsivity, Impulsivity, and Experiential Avoidance in Internet Pornography Use

An Experimental Investigation of Cognitive Defusion

Historical Psychology and the Milgram Paradigm: Tests of an Experimentally Derived Model of Defiance Using Accounts of Massacres by Nazi Reserve Police Battalion 101

The Role of Emotions in Reinforcement: Response Selection in Humans

Behavioral Foundations of Effective Autism Treatment

Interdependency Between Risk Assessments for Self and Other in the Field of Comparative Optimism: The Contribution of Response Times

Effects of two Training Conditions on the Emergence of Novel Intraverbals: An Extension of Peréz-González et al. (2008)

Titration of Limited Hold to Comparison in Conditional Discrimination Training and Stimulus Equivalence Testing

Verbal Behavior in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders at the Onset of an Early Behavioral Intervention Program

The Role of Intraverbal Exchanges in Assessing Parent-Child Relationships

Training and Deriving Precalculus Relations: A Small-Group, Web-Interactive Approach

Measuring Joint Stimulus Control by Complex Graph/Description Correspondences

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Spider Fear

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