The Psychological Record

Items from 1 to 20 out of 43 results

article

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Self-Forgiveness: The Impact of a Training History in Clinical Behavior Analysis

Diana Ferroni Bast, Ila Marques Porto Linares, Caina Gomes, Roberta Kovac, more

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 177-190

The current study aimed to test the effect of behavior therapy training on the assessment of self-forgiveness, focusing on the feelings or outcomes that may be associated with failing and succeeding in everyday life, using 2 Implicit Relational Assessment Procedures (IRAPs) that had been developed across a series of previously published studies. Additionally, the research explored the extent to which...

article

Testing the IRAP: Exploring the Reliability and Fakability of an Idiographic Approach to Interpersonal Attitudes

Chad E. Drake, Kail H. Seymour, Reza Habib

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 153-163

Although multiple studies have demonstrated that the Implicit Association Test (IAT) can be successfully faked, a single study using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP; McKenna, Barnes-Holmes, Barnes-Holmes, & Stewart, International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 7(2): 253–268, 2007) concluded that this behavior-analytic alternative to implicit measures may be...

article

Effects of Successive and Simultaneous Stimulus Presentations on Absolute and Relational Stimulus Control in Adult Humans

Adam Derenne, Anthony M. Garnett

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 165-175

Human participants can readily learn to demonstrate absolute or relational stimulus control, but little is known about human’s tendencies toward one form of control or another in situations that allow either form of control to be expressed. To examine these tendencies, we combined elements of the procedures used to study peak shift and stimulus transposition. In Experiment 1, half of the 40 participants...

article

Maintenance of Equivalence Classes and Transfer of Functions: The Role of the Nature of Stimuli

Marcelo Vitor Silveira, Natalia Maria Aggio, Mariéle Diniz Cortez, Renato Bortoloti, more

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 65-74

The present study established three equivalence classes (each comprising nonfamiliar stimuli and a facial expression of emotion) and verified transfer of function among equivalent stimuli with a semantic differential in order to investigate stability over time of both equivalence classes and of transfer of functions. Nonfamiliar stimuli were abstract pictures and the emotions of the facial expression...

article

Human Performance on a Signal Detection Task: Discriminability and Sensitivity to Reinforcement

Jeffrey J. Everly

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 139-151

Ten human participants worked on a computer-based discrete-trials signal detection task in which stimulus disparity and the ratio of reinforcers for correct responses were manipulated. During each trial, a 12 × 12 stimulus array consisting of an unequal number of randomly arranged circles and squares was presented. Participants responded by indicating whether the stimulus contained more circles or...

article

Effects of Procedural Variations in the Training of Negative Relations for the Emergence of Equivalence Relations

Elberto Antonio Plazas, Telmo Eduardo Peña

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 109-125

This study aimed to determine whether the exclusive positive conditional relations established by the matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure are sufficient for equivalence class formation, or whether the negative conditional relations established with stimuli of alternative classes are necessary for it. In Experiment 1, two 3-choice MTS procedures were compared regarding equivalence class formation. The...

article

Basic Properties of Coherence: Testing a Core Assumption of Relational Frame Theory

Michael J. Bordieri, Karen Kate Kellum, Kelly G. Wilson, Kerry C. Whiteman

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 83-98

Introduction Relational frame theory contains a foundational assumption that coherence (i.e., making sense) is reinforcing for verbally competent humans. That is, it is assumed that humans relate ambiguous stimuli together because they have an extensive learning history where doing so resulted in both effective environmental action and socially mediated reinforcement (e.g., praise, positive attention)...

article

Learning Name–Object Relations After a Single Exclusion Trial in 18- to 48-Month-Old Children

Andréia Schmidt, Mariana Guedes Oliveira Franco, Lucas Santos Lotério, Geovana Figueira Gomes

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 53-63

Responding by exclusion is a well-documented phenomenon, but data on the maintenance of word–object relations acquired using this procedure are highly variable. The present study included a sample of 80 children, ages 18 to 48 months, to determine whether age is a critical variable in learning name–object relations after a single exclusion trial. The sample was divided into 4 groups according to age...

article

Use of a Computerized Reading and Writing Teaching Program for Families of Students with Intellectual Disabilities

Priscila Benitez, Camila Domeniconi

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 127-138

Family can be an important educational agent if it has the tools to teach its members. This study investigated the effectiveness of a computerized reading and writing teaching program applied with students with intellectual disabilities in their own residences, having their family members as monitors. The program included positive teaching techniques, such as ongoing feedback and gradual progression...

article

An Examination of the Near Miss in Gambling-Like Behavior of Children

Mark R. Dixon, Seth W. Whiting, Allie M. King

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 99-107

Many adults diagnosed with gambling disorder have demonstrated the near-miss effect: the belief that an outcome that is “close” to a win means a win is coming. Whether children discriminate such outcomes in pregambling games has not yet been investigated. The current study examined the presence of a near miss with 20 children, ages 5 to 10 years, by having them rate the outcomes of a roulette-style...

article

Varying Temporal Placement of a Stimulus Correlated with Non-Reinforcement in a Temporally Defined Schedule

Carlos Flores, Emilio Ribes-Iñesta

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 75-82

Eight rats were exposed to two different stimuli (lights), each stimulus being correlated with the delivery or non-delivery of water. The schedule consisted of a 60-s T cycle with successive 30-s t^D and t^∆ subcycles; t^D was correlated with a probability of water delivery of 1.0 for the first response to occur, while t^∆ was correlated with a probability of 0.0. A green light was correlated with t^D,...

article

Priority Disputes in the History of Psychology with Special Attention to the Franz–Kalischer Dispute About Who First Combined Animal Training with Brain Extirpation to Investigate Brain Functions

Roger K. Thomas

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 191-199

Shepherd Ivory Franz (American) and Otto Kalischer (German) each claimed to have been the first to combine animal training and brain extirpation to study brain function, a methodological approach that historians assert fundamentally changed subsequent neuropsychological research. Each defended his claim in 1907 in back-to-back commentaries in the journal Zentralblatt für Physiologie. Before considering...

article

Stimulus Preference and Reinforcement Effects of the Madagascar Hissing Cockroach (Gromphordahina portentosa): A Case of Reverse Translational Research

Mark R. Dixon, Jacob H. Daar, Karl Gunnarsson, Matthew L. Johnson, more

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 41-51

The present study examined a reverse translational approach to extending the stimulus preference assessment and reinforcer assessment to the nonhuman species of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphordahina portentosa). Each cockroach was presented with a series of multiple stimulus preference assessment without replacement (MSWO) that contained 4 food types. Once each cockroach demonstrated a...

article

You Cannot be Partially Pregnant: A Comparison of Divisible and Nondivisible Outcomes in Delay and Probability Discounting Studies

Przemysław Sawicki, Łukasz Markiewicz

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 1-8

Research by The Psychological Record, 64(3), 433–440. doi: 10.1007/s40732-014-0052-9 , (2014) demonstrated the novel finding that the magnitude effect for medical outcomes does not reverse across delay and probability discounting as it does for monetary outcomes. We suggest that a possible reason for the lack of a reverse magnitude effect in nonmonetary outcomes is incomparable divisibility of discounted...

article

Blocking in Humans: Logical Reasoning Versus Contingency Learning

Diana Delgado

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 31-40

This study compared the occurrence of the blocking effect when participants had unlimited and limited time to respond to a causal learning task. In contrast to the dominant views in human causal learning, the underlying assumption is that blocking can be sufficiently explained by the same principles that describe conditioning outcomes in animals, but only when logical reasoning about the experimental...

article

Describing Interactions After Multi-Element Conditional Discrimination Training: Learning to Write Without Writing

Jack Spear, Lanny Fields

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 1 > 9-29

Interpreting and describing complex information are essential skills for effective functioning in many academic and occupational settings. For example, undergraduate psychology students must often interpret and describe the complex interactive effects of at least two variables on behavior. This experiment described a new procedure that enhanced the emergence of this difficult-to-learn skill: the prior...

article

Validation of a Novel Delay Discounting of Text Messaging Questionnaire

Derek D. Reed, Amel Becirevic, Paul Atchley, Brent A. Kaplan, more

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 2 > 253-261

Using cellular phones for text messaging has become a ubiquitous mode of communication in today’s American culture. Text messaging has become a primary source of relationship development and maintenance for many Americans, especially youth. Researchers have begun classifying excessive reliance on text messaging as an addictive behavior, which may lead to risky activities such as texting while driving...

article

Delay Discounting and Preference Reversals by Cigarette Smokers

Richard Yi, Alexis K. Matusiewicz, Antonio Tyson

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 2 > 235-242

Introduction Quit attempts made by smokers that result in relapse to smoking are conceptualized in behavioral economics as preference reversals, in which preference for a larger–later outcome switches to preference for a smaller–sooner outcome. Though preference reversals are predicted by models of delay discounting, we are aware of no human research that has explicitly established that rate of delay...

article

Emergence of Symmetrical Intraverbals Facilitated by Learning Skills With the Intraverbal Responses

Carlota Belloso-Díaz, Luis Antonio Pérez-González

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 2 > 269-281

The effects of learning tacts and intraverbals with the same response of probed intraverbals on the emergence of symmetrical intraverbals was analyzed in 2 experiments (e.g., “Name the country of the Kalash”–“Pakistan” was probed after learning the intraverbal with the stimulus–response functions interchanged—such as, “Name the tribe of Pakistan”–“The Kalash”). In Experiment 1, the effects of learning...

article

The Effects of Deprivation and Satiation on Decision-Making Related to Risky Sex

Anahi Collado, Jennifer M. Loya, Richard Yi

The Psychological Record > 2016 > 66 > 2 > 263-267

The present study examined the degree to which sexual states and partner desirability impact college students’ willingness to engage in risky sex. Participants (N = 251) were presented with scenarios depicting deprived or satiated sexual states and high or low partner desirability, and asked to indicate whether they would engage in certain risky sexual behaviors under those circumstances. Males exhibited...

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66 (43)

Keywords

STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE (6)
IMPLICIT RELATIONAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE (5)
RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY (4)
CHILDREN (3)
DELAY DISCOUNTING (3)
STIMULUS CONTROL (3)
CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION (2)
DERIVED RELATIONS (2)
EQUIVALENCE (2)
EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE (2)
GAMBLING (2)
HUMAN OPERANT (2)
HUMANS (2)
INTRAVERBALS (2)
MATCHING TO SAMPLE (2)
RESURGENCE (2)
STIMULUS RELATIONS (2)
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS (2)
VERBAL BEHAVIOR (2)
D-IRAP SCORES (1)
ACCEPTANCE AND ACTION QUESTIONNAIRE (1)
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (1)
ADOLESCENTS (1)
AGE (1)
AMAZON MECHANICAL TURK (1)
ANIMAL LEARNING (1)
ANIMAL TRAINING (1)
ANSWERING QUESTIONS (1)
APPROACH (1)
ARCADE (1)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (1)
ATTITUDE MEASUREMENT (1)
AVOIDANCE (1)
BEHAVIOR THERAPY (1)
BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST (1)
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS (1)
BEHAVIORAL MOMENTUM (1)
BIAS (1)
BLOCKING (1)
BODY DISSATISFACTION (1)
BODY MASS INDEX (1)
BRAIN ABLATION (1)
BRAIN EXTIRPATION (1)
BRAIN LESION (1)
CALORIC VALUE (1)
CATEGORIZATION (1)
CAUSAL LEARNING (1)
CELLULAR PHONE (1)
CHOICE (1)
COCKROACH (1)
COGNITION (1)
COLLEGE STUDENTS (1)
COMPOUND STIMULUS (1)
COMPUTERIZED READING AND WRITING TEACHING PROGRAM (1)
CONCURRENT CHAINS (1)
CONFLICTING RELATIONS (1)
CONTEXTUAL CUES (1)
CONTINGENCY LEARNING (1)
CONTINUUM (1)
DEFUSION (1)
DEHUMANIZATION OF WOMEN (1)
DEICTIC FRAMING (1)
DELAY DISCOUNTING, CIGARETTE SMOKING (1)
DERIVED RELATIONAL RESPONDING (1)
DERIVED STIMULUS RELATIONS (1)
DETECTION TASK (1)
DISCRIMINABILITY (1)
DIVISIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES (1)
DIVISIBLE AND NONDIVISIBLE MEDICAL OUTCOMES (1)
DOMAIN SPECIFIC DISCOUNTING (1)
EMERGENCE (1)
EMERGENT DESCRIPTIVE WRITING (1)
EMERGENT RELATIONS (1)
EMOTION (1)
EQUIVALENCE CLASSES (1)
EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS (1)
EXTINCTION (1)
EYE-MOVEMENTS (1)
FAILURES (1)
FAKING (1)
FAMILY MEMBERS (1)
FAST MAPPING (1)
FEAR (1)
FEELINGS AND OUTCOMES (1)
FIXATION DURATION (1)
FIXATION RATE (1)
FUNCTION ACQUISITION SPEED TEST (1)
GENERALIZATION (1)
GENERALIZED MATCHING LAW (1)
GO/NO-GO PROCEDURE (1)
HISTORY BRAIN RESEARCH (1)
HUMAN ADULTS (1)
IDIOGRAPHIC (1)
IMPLICIT BIAS (1)
IMPLICIT COGNITION (1)
IMPLICIT MEASURE (1)
IMPLICIT TEST (1)
INDIVIDUALS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES (1)
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY (1)
INSTRUMENTAL STUDY (1)
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The Psychological Record

The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Self-Forgiveness: The Impact of a Training History in Clinical Behavior Analysis

Testing the IRAP: Exploring the Reliability and Fakability of an Idiographic Approach to Interpersonal Attitudes

Effects of Successive and Simultaneous Stimulus Presentations on Absolute and Relational Stimulus Control in Adult Humans

Maintenance of Equivalence Classes and Transfer of Functions: The Role of the Nature of Stimuli

Human Performance on a Signal Detection Task: Discriminability and Sensitivity to Reinforcement

Effects of Procedural Variations in the Training of Negative Relations for the Emergence of Equivalence Relations

Basic Properties of Coherence: Testing a Core Assumption of Relational Frame Theory

Learning Name–Object Relations After a Single Exclusion Trial in 18- to 48-Month-Old Children

Use of a Computerized Reading and Writing Teaching Program for Families of Students with Intellectual Disabilities

An Examination of the Near Miss in Gambling-Like Behavior of Children

Varying Temporal Placement of a Stimulus Correlated with Non-Reinforcement in a Temporally Defined Schedule

Priority Disputes in the History of Psychology with Special Attention to the Franz–Kalischer Dispute About Who First Combined Animal Training with Brain Extirpation to Investigate Brain Functions

Stimulus Preference and Reinforcement Effects of the Madagascar Hissing Cockroach (Gromphordahina portentosa): A Case of Reverse Translational Research

You Cannot be Partially Pregnant: A Comparison of Divisible and Nondivisible Outcomes in Delay and Probability Discounting Studies

Blocking in Humans: Logical Reasoning Versus Contingency Learning

Describing Interactions After Multi-Element Conditional Discrimination Training: Learning to Write Without Writing

Validation of a Novel Delay Discounting of Text Messaging Questionnaire

Delay Discounting and Preference Reversals by Cigarette Smokers

Emergence of Symmetrical Intraverbals Facilitated by Learning Skills With the Intraverbal Responses

The Effects of Deprivation and Satiation on Decision-Making Related to Risky Sex

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