JOM
Dry-powder barrier layers have been investigated in recent years to prevent fluorine penetration and degradation of insulating refractories and cell walls. The deterioration of insulating materials and cell walls is undesirable as it results in increased thermal conductivity and, therefore, higher operating costs. The mineralogy of two dry-powder barriers was characterized by several methods. Results...
Explosive interactions between molten aluminum and water are being studied at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to determine the causes of explosion triggers and the extent of protection provided from various coatings in order to develop a fundamental, cost-effective methodology for prevention. The study includes experimentation and mathematical modeling of the interactions between molten metals and...
Grain boundary character distribution is a relatively new microstructural feature that describes the proportions of random and special grain boundaries as defined by the coincident site lattice model. The combination of the availability of a new experimental technique based on the automatic indexing of backscatter Kikuchi electron diffraction patterns in the scanning electron microscope (orientation...
The effect of altered grain boundary character distributions on the creep and cracking behavior of polycrystalline Ni-16Cr-9Fe at 360°C was studied by comparing the creep and intergranular cracking behavior of solution-annealed material containing mostly high-angle boundaries to material that was thermomechanically processed to enhance the proportion of coincident-site lattice boundaries. In parallel...
This article considers the validity of the coincidence site lattice classification in grain boundary engineering in light of the fact that the coincidence site lattice Σ designation does not directly specify the crystallography at the boundary plane itself. The coincidence site lattice approach is overviewed by reporting selected parts of a recent large-scale survey of experiments on polycrystals...
There have been tremendous advances in the materials, knowledge, design, and construction of cathodes; however, widelydivergent cell operations and operating conditions present a challenge for selecting the right materials and lining design for good cell life. Cathode wear is frequently becoming the life-determining step, and, although there are questions still to be answered, it is probable that...
Additives such as BaSO4, CaF2, and AlF3 have been used in aluminosilicate refractories to reduce the detrimental reactions (corrosion) occurring between molten aluminum alloys and these refractories. In this article, the effects of these additives and Na2O on the behavior of a simple aluminosilicate ceramic in molten Al-5Mg are presented. Because these refractories usually contain several oxides in...
The Specialty Metals Processing Consortium has succeeded in the effective development and transfer of technology to production facilities through industrial experiments and laboratory-scale experiments at Sandia National Laboratories. These experiments have helped verify models, determine boundary conditions, and evaluate new control systems. In this article, a description of the consortium is provided,...