Sport Sciences for Health

article

Insulin sensitivity of protein and glucose metabolism in overweight female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: positive modulation by physical exercise

L. Luzi, V. Cavadini, E. Bognetti, G. Alberti, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 41-46

Impairment of insulin sensitivity of glucose metabolism, a prominent feature of type 1 diabetes (DM), is also well documented in adolescence and obesity. Overweight is frequently present during adolescence in females. Spurt in growth is significantly reduced during puberty in females with type 1 DM, while it is normal in males. In this study we assessed the effect of the coexistence of type 1 DM,...

article

The immune response in hemodialysis patients following physical training

M. Daniilidis, E. Kouidi, F. Giagoudaki, A. Fleva, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 11-16

The effects of mild physical training on the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were studied in 18 patients with end-stage renal disease (6.5±5.2 years on hemodialysis) participating in a six month exercise renal rehabilitation program. They were matched with 14 untrained patients for sex, age, years on hemodialysis and causes of renal disease. Serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), IgG...

article

Transient cardiac left ventricular diastolic dysfunction following strenuous exercise

G. Fragasso, A. Palloshi, S. Roi, E. Rossetti, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 31-35

The long term clinical significance of exercise-induced “cardiac fatigue” has not been clearly addressed. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of repetitive competitive high altitude running on left ventricular performance. Eleven athletes were studied before and after two high altitude races in two consecutive years. On both occasions 12-lead elettrocardiography (ECG) as well as Doppler...

article

Heart rate variability in soccer players with mitral valve prolapse or benign arrhythmia

N. Koutlianos, E. Kouidi, A. Deligiannis

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 5-10

Numerous studies have reported increased cardiac vagal activity in well endurance-trained athletes. However, no clear data exist regarding the cardiac autonomic activity in athletes with common cardiovascular findings, such as mild mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and transient benign arrhythmias. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the cardiac autonomic outflow by heart...

article

Quantitative effects of a water exercise program on functional and physiological capacity in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

N. M. Fisher, D. M. Dolan, C. Brenner, D. R. Pendergast

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 17-24

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and debilitating disease that often affects the knees. Patients suffer from pain and disability and have associated reductions in muscle and cardiopulmonary function. We quantitatively evaluated the effects of an 8-week water exercise program (WEP) on muscle, cardiovascular, and functional capacity on patients with knee OA. Functional capacity (walking time,...

article

Born to run: training our genes to cope with ecosystem changes in the twentieth century

L. Luzi, G. Pizzini

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 1-4

article

Respiratory and metabolic responses during exercise and skeletal muscle morphology in obesity

A. Salvadori, P. Fanari, F. Dworzak†, G. Azan, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 47-54

Obese subjects need additional energy to move larger bodies and a greater amount of O2 to accomplish an equal external work-load than lean subjects. Moreover, obesity is characterized by a marked insulin resistance, which may modify metabolic responses to physical exercise. We measured the respiratory and metabolic responses to a progressive ergometric test in a group of 10 men obese and in 10 lean...

article

Responsiveness of human natural killer cells during acute, incremental exercise up to exhaustion

S. R. Giacco, F. Tocco, F. Melis, A. Crisafulli, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 36-40

Eight healthy male subjects performed a cycle ergometer incremental exercise up to exhaustion to study possible relationships between excess CO₂ production (CO_2-exc) and natural killer (NK) cells, measured in terms of concentration (NK_abs) and as a percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood (NK%). A parabola-like regression equation with its vertex downwards best fit the relationship between...

article

Promoting physical activity in overweight and obese patients: counseling in primary care from Italy (Cesena, 2002–2003)

N. Bertozzi, E. Bakken, M. Bolognesi, F. Castoldi, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 1 > 25-30

Sedentary habits and obesity are important problems in public health. The main objective of this study has been to increase motivation level and physical activity practice in overweight and obese patients, through a counseling intervention made from primary care physicians (MMG). The counseling model has been taken from the program PACE (Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise and...

article

Effect of the practice of constant physical exercise on respiratory parameters in smoking and non–smoking subjects

G. Alberti, E. Oliveri, A. Caumo, L. Ongaro

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 2 > 91-95

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an active lifestyle on the respiratory function in healthy smokers (n=14) and non–smokers (n=14) aged 29–41 years. Respiratory function was measured using a spirometric test yielding the following parameters: FVC (forced vital capacity), VC/IVC (slow vital capacity and ventilatory profile), MVV (maximum voluntary ventilation), FEV1 (volume expired...

article

Sarcopenia: characteristics, genesis, remedies

G. Tano, S. Fulle, T. Pietrangelo, R. Bellomo, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 2 > 69-74

The term sarcopenia is defined as the loss of mass and muscular function with age. It is characterized by a metabolic status in which the muscles present a reduced ability to produce and use energy. Thus, in humans between 20 and 80 years of age, muscle mass decreases about 40%, with negative effects on mobility, strength production, metabolic rate and respiratory function. A continuous reparative...

article

Anaerobic threshold and the oxygen consumption–cardiac output relationship during exercise

A. Crisafulli, F. Melis, F. Tocco, U. M. Santoboni, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 2 > 75-80

There is some evidence that, above anaerobic threshold (AT), the arteriovenous oxygen difference may increase due to a reduced hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. Thus, it should be expected that above AT, the oxygen consumption to cardiac output (VO₂/CO) relationship would become steeper compared to below AT since, if a larger amount of O₂ could be extracted from blood, a lower CO would be required...

article

Sport–related peripheral nerve injuries: part 2

G. Cavaletti, P. Marmiroli, G. Alberti, G. Michielon, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 2 > 61-67

Injury in the lower limbs is extremely frequent in most sport activities, particularly when prolonged running and physical contact are prominent features. A major challenge is the differential diagnosis between muscle, joint and nerve lesions, although it should always be considered that combined lesions are quite frequent. In this part of the review, the most frequent nerve entrapment and traumatic...

article

Sport–related peripheral nerve injuries: part 1

G. Cavaletti, P. Marmiroli, G. Alberti, G. Michielon, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2004 > 1 > 2 > 55-60

Sport–related strenuous physical activity and trauma are among the causes of peripheral nerves injuries, due in most cases to direct blow, compression or repeated traction or friction. Although in most cases the diagnosis is obvious, subtle peripheral nerve injuries can be difficult to recognize and, in most cases, require the support of appropriate instrumental evaluations. This review is divided...

article

Cross–sectional and retrospective questionnaire-trial to evaluate exercise habits in a sample of HIV–infected individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

R. Codella, M. Guffanti, A. Castagna, A. Lazzarin, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2005 > 1 > 2 > 81-90

The purpose of this observational and epidemiological study was to determine the quantity and quality of physical activity performed by 70 HIV–infected individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We formulated a questionnaire to describe the tendency to physical exercise with regard to the present and the past of these subjects. The semi– structured questionnaire allowed us to collect...

article

Evaluation of foot support in rugby players: a baropodometric analysis

M. Ripani, A. Ciccarelli, S. Morini, G. Ricciardi, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2006 > 1 > 3 > 104-108

Intense sports practice has effects on normal locomotion which may predispose athletes to certain injuries. The aim of the study was to evaluate weather playing rugby can change the distribution of forces on the surface of the foot plantar region and if these possible changes are caused by the high loading and the postural stances that this sport involves. The evaluation was performed using a baropodometer...

article

Morning or evening training: effect on heart rate circadian rhythm

F. Carandente, A. Montaruli, E. Roveda, G. Calogiuri, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2006 > 1 > 3 > 113-117

Twenty male endurance athletes (aged 20–25 years) carried out 2-hour daily training sessions, every day from Monday to Friday, for an overall period of 4 weeks. Four different weekly training time table (09.00-11.00; 11.00-13.00; 16.00-18.00; 18.00-20.00 hours) were followed, changing the time slot each week. Each athlete trained, in turn, in each period. The fifth day of each week, heart rate was...

article

Gravity and gravidity: will microgravity assist pregnancy?

G. Merati, S. Rampichini, M. Roselli, E. Roveda, more

Sport Sciences for Health > 2006 > 1 > 3 > 129-136

During the third trimester of pregnancy, exercise, deep ventilation and supine position may be particularly uncomfortable for pregnant women. Reduction of fetal weight by a microgravity environment may relieve some of this discomfort. This study assessed, by means of heart rate variability (HRV), the cardiovascular adaptation to the supine posture, to relaxing respiratory exercises (deep slow breathing)...

article

Electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis muscle during exercise performed with the AB Slider

R. Gatti, M. Corti, M. Barbero, M. Testa

Sport Sciences for Health > 2006 > 1 > 3 > 109-112

Strengthening of abdominal muscles is often used in athletic training and in clinical rehabilitation of subjects with low back pain. Traditionally, it is performed by isometric or concentric abdominal contractions in supine position. Recently, the AB Slider has been introduced as a device to train abdominal muscles in quadrupedic position. The aim of this study was to assess the muscle activity and...

article

Does cost of running depend on speed?

F. Peroni Ranchet, P. Mognoni, F. Impellizzeri

Sport Sciences for Health > 2006 > 1 > 3 > 97-103

Two series of experiments were carried out with similar techniques to assess the gross cost of running (CR), i.e. the ratio between O₂ demand and speed. The two groups of male subjects differed in average maximal O₂ uptake and variation coefficient (V̇O₂ max = 70.9 ± 4.7 ml O₂ • min ^–1 • kg^–1 , VC = 6.6%; and 61.1±10.1 ml O₂ • min^–1 • kg^–1, VC =16.5%). In the first series the O² demand (VO...

INFONA - science communication portal

Sport Sciences for Health

Insulin sensitivity of protein and glucose metabolism in overweight female adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: positive modulation by physical exercise

The immune response in hemodialysis patients following physical training

Transient cardiac left ventricular diastolic dysfunction following strenuous exercise

Heart rate variability in soccer players with mitral valve prolapse or benign arrhythmia

Quantitative effects of a water exercise program on functional and physiological capacity in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

Born to run: training our genes to cope with ecosystem changes in the twentieth century

Respiratory and metabolic responses during exercise and skeletal muscle morphology in obesity

Responsiveness of human natural killer cells during acute, incremental exercise up to exhaustion

Promoting physical activity in overweight and obese patients: counseling in primary care from Italy (Cesena, 2002–2003)

Effect of the practice of constant physical exercise on respiratory parameters in smoking and non–smoking subjects

Sarcopenia: characteristics, genesis, remedies

Anaerobic threshold and the oxygen consumption–cardiac output relationship during exercise

Sport–related peripheral nerve injuries: part 2

Sport–related peripheral nerve injuries: part 1

Cross–sectional and retrospective questionnaire-trial to evaluate exercise habits in a sample of HIV–infected individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Evaluation of foot support in rugby players: a baropodometric analysis

Morning or evening training: effect on heart rate circadian rhythm

Gravity and gravidity: will microgravity assist pregnancy?

Electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominis muscle during exercise performed with the AB Slider

Does cost of running depend on speed?

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