Journal of Neurocytology

Items from 1 to 20 out of 641 results

article

Axon-glial relationships in early CNS–PNS transitional zone development: an ultrastructural study

John P Fraher

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 1 > 41-52

The CNS–PNS transitional zone of rat cervical ventral rootlets develops in two stages: first, axon segregation, then transitional node formation. This ultrastructural study examines the former. Material was prepared by standard methods. Shortly after they grow out from the neural tube, ventral motoneuron axon bundles are extensively segregated by a matrix of fine processes forming a barrier across...

article

Combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglion neurons projecting to gingiva or tooth pulps in the lower jaw of the cichlid Tilapia mariae

Fredrik Tuisku, Claes Hildebrand

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 1 > 33-40

Rat trigeminal ganglion neurons projecting to the oral mucosa or to tooth pulps have different cell diameters and contain different chemical markers. In the present paper we examine whether trigeminal ganglion neurons sending axons to gingiva or tooth pulps in the lower jaw of the cichlid Tilapia mariae differ in a similar way. Retrograde tracing with fluorescent latex microspheres revealed labelled...

article

Photoreceptor number and outer segment disk membrane surface area in the retina of the rat: stereological data for whole organ and average photoreceptor cell

T. M Mayhew, D Astle

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 1 > 53-61

A random sampling scheme is employed to obtain stereological estimates of disk membrane surface area in the entire retina and in the average photoreceptor cell. The scheme involves the use of vertical sections with combined light and electron microscopy at several magnification levels. Left and right retinas from six albino animals were analysed. There were no significant lateral differences. On average,...

article

Developmental regulation of interstitial cell density in bullfrog skeletal muscle

Elizabeth A Connor

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 1 > 23-32

Denervation of skeletal muscle results in striking connective tissue remodelling in junctional areas of muscle. Since extracellular matrix molecules mediate axonal growth and synaptic differentiation, it is likely that the interstitial cells and matrix molecules that accumulate near synaptic sites after denervation influence the regrowth and regeneration of synaptic connections. The experiments presented...

article

Bridging Schwann cell transplants promote axonal regeneration from both the rostral and caudal stumps of transected adult rat spinal cord

Xiao Ming Xu, Aqing Chen, Veronique Guenard, Naomi Kleitman, more

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 1 > 1-16

Transplantation of cellular components of the permissive peripheral nerve environment in some types of spinal cord injury holds great promise to support regrowth of axons through the site of injury. In the present study, Schwann cell grafts were positioned between transected stumps of adult rat thoracic spinal cord to test their efficacy to serve as bridges for axonal regeneration. Schwann cells were...

article

Coexpression of connexin45 and -32 in oligodendrocytes of rat brain

Petra Kunzelmann, Ingmar Blumcke, Otto Traub, Rolf Dermietzel, more

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 1 > 17-22

Connexin proteins are the subunits of gap junction channels, and are encoded by a gene family. Although several connexin mRNAs were detected in brain, only a few connexin-proteins have been localized to specific cell types in this tissue. Here we describe expression of connexin45 protein in oligodendrocytes in rat hippocampus. Double immunofluorescent staining using specific antibodies to connexin45...

article

Glial organization and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in the developing thalamus

John Mitrofanis, Kylie L Earle, Benjamin E Reese

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 2 > 83-100

This study examines the early organization of glial cells, together with the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the developing thalamus of ferrets. Glia were identified with antibodies against vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein and the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were identified by using an antibody against chondroitin sulfate side chains. Our results reveal three striking...

article

PK (‘peripheral benzodiazepine’) – binding sites in the CNS indicate early and discrete brain lesions: microautoradiographic detection of [3H]PK 11195 binding to activated microglia

R. B Banati, R Myers, G. W Kreutzberg

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 2 > 77-82

The isoquinoline PK 11195 has been suggested as a marker of glial pathology in the lesioned brain. The aim of the present study is to clarify the precise cellular location of its binding site in the central nervous system. Here, we report that in the facial nucleus after facial nerve axotomy–a lesion causing a retrograde neuronal reaction without nerve cell death while keeping the blood–brain barrier...

article

A Schwann cell matrix component of neuromuscular junctions and peripheral nerves

Stephanie H Astrow, Tim R Tyner, Minh Thuoc T Nguyen, Chien-Ping Ko

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 2 > 63-75

Molecules localized to the synapse are potential contributors to processes unique to this specialized region, such as synapse formation and maintenance and synaptic transmission. We used an immunohistochemical strategy to uncover such molecules by generating antibodies that selectively stain synaptic regions and then using the antibodies to analyse their antigens. In this study, we utilized a monoclonal...

article

Cellular distribution of myosin-V in the guinea pig cochlea

Donald E Coling, Enilza M Espreafico, Bechara Kachar

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 2 > 113-120

The importance of unconventional myosins to hearing has recently been revealed by the identification of myosins-VI and -VII as the defective genes in mouse mutations and in a human syndrome which lead to profound hearing loss. Another class of novel myosins (V) has been implicated in the trafficking of intracellular vesicles in neurons and other secretory cells. We used affinity-purified antibodies...

article

Monosialoganglioside (GM1) immunofluorescence in rat spinal roots studied with a monoclonal antibody

Marie Molander, Claes-Henric Berthold, Hakan Persson, Kerstin Andersson, more

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 2 > 101-111

Gangliosides are characteristic glycolipid components of plasma cell membranes, especially enriched in the CNS and PNS. In some diseases involving the PNS, in particular motor neuropathies associated with conduction block, IgM autoantibodies against ganglioside GM1 have been implicated as a pathogenic factor. In order to study the GM1 distribution in peripheral nerves we have investigated its in situ...

article

Presynaptic terminals in hyaline cells of normal and overstimulated chick inner ears

Juan C Frisancho, Lynnell Fritsma, Yehoash Raphael

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 3 > 121-131

Hyaline cells are non-sensory epithelial cells of the vibrating part of the basilar membrane of chicks; they receive an extensive efferent innervation. Although these anatomical features suggest roles in auditory transduction, very little is known about the function of these cells. One possible way to understand function is by lesion experiments. We used synapsin-specific antibodies to study changes...

article

Calcitonin gene-related peptide and α-CGRP mRNA expression in cranial motoneurons after hypoglossal nerve injury during postnatal development

K. M Blake-Bruzzini, R. C Borke, J. J Anders, J. D Potts

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 3 > 163-179

Changes in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivity and α-CGRP mRNA expression were determined in the hypoglossal nucleus after the nerve was crushed or transected in rats at 10, 14 and 21 days postnatal. α-CGRP mRNA expression was determined in normal, noninjured, hypoglossal nuclei at the three ages and after both injuries in 10 and 21 days postnatal rats. Reinnervation and neuronal...

article

The regional distribution of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the developing rat CNS: an in vivo immunohistochemical study

J. C Coffey, K. W Mcdermott

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 3 > 149-161

Using an immunohistochemical approach we have characterized the in vivo developmental distribution of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein within the rat CNS. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein expression emerged in a non-uniform manner during the first 3 postnatal weeks. Although it was absent throughout the CNS of the newborn rat at postnatal day 0(P0), it had appeared in the spinal cord and brainstem...

article

Expression of the dm-20 isoform of the plp gene in olfactory nerve ensheathing cells: evidence from developmental studies

P. J Dickinson, I. R Griffiths, J. M Barrie, E Kyriakides, more

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 3 > 181-189

The olfactory bulb is a specialized area of the CNS with well-defined areas containing both myelinated, and non-myelinated axons. The presence of plp gene transcripts has been demonstrated previously in the olfactory bulb, but no detailed description of plp gene activity in this complex area of the CNS is available. In this study we describe the developmental expression of the two plp gene isoforms,...

article

Ontogenetic development of diffusional restriction to protein at the pial surface of the rat brain: an electron microscopical study

Yael Balslev, Norman R Saunders, Kjeld MØllgard

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 3 > 133-148

Blood–brain, blood–CSF and ventricular CSF–brain barriers to protein, are present very early in brain development. In order to determine whether the outer pial surface of the brain also restricts free penetration of macromolecules, the dorso-lateral part of the sensorimotor cortex from rats at embryonic day 12 (E12), 14, 16, and 18, the day of birth (P0), and adult rat, was studied by electron microscopical...

article

Gonadal steroid preservation of central synaptic input to hamster facial motoneurons following peripheral axotomy

Kathryn J Jones, Thomas E Durica, Susan K Jacob

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 4 > 257-266

In recent work, we have demonstrated that testosterone propionate accelerates recovery from facial nerve injury in the adult male hamster. Central synaptic stripping following peripheral motor neuron damage is a well-established component of the injury response. Gonadal steroids regulate synaptogenesis in the normal nervous system. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone propionate...

article

Does the reticular thalamic nucleus project to the midbrain?

Teresa Vaccaro, John Mitrofanis

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 4 > 223-239

In this study, we investigated whether the reticular thalamic nucleus has a projection to major centres of the midbrain in rats, rabbits and cats. Various tracers (biotinylated dextran, cholera toxin B subunit, fluorescent latex beads) were injected either into the midbrain tectum (deep layers of the superior colliculus) or tegmentum (midbrain reticular and pedunculopontine nuclei). In other experiments,...

article

Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury

S. S Jafari, W. L Maxwell, M Neilson, D. I Graham

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 4 > 201-221

In animal models of human diffuse axonal injury, axonal swellings leading to secondary axotomy occur between 2 and 6 h after injury. But, analysis of cytoskeletal changes associated with secondary axotomy has not been undertaken. We have carried out a quantitative analysis of cytoskeletal changes in a model of diffuse axonal injury 4 h after stretch-injury to adult guinea-pig optic nerves. The major...

article

Nimodipine maintains in vivo the increase in GFAP and enhances the astroglial ensheathment of surviving motoneurons in the rat following permanent target deprivation

O Guntinas-Lichius, F Martinez-Portillo, J Lebek, D. N Angelov, more

Journal of Neurocytology > 1997 > 26 > 4 > 241-248

Facial and hypoglossal nerves were resected unilaterally in a total of 108 rats. Rats were divided into two groups; one group received standard food pellets (placebo), the other received food pellets containing the Ca2+-blocking agent nimodipine. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein was examined in paraffin sections of the brainstem using light microscopical immunocytochemistry, and the...

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Journal of Neurocytology

Axon-glial relationships in early CNS–PNS transitional zone development: an ultrastructural study

Combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglion neurons projecting to gingiva or tooth pulps in the lower jaw of the cichlid Tilapia mariae

Photoreceptor number and outer segment disk membrane surface area in the retina of the rat: stereological data for whole organ and average photoreceptor cell

Developmental regulation of interstitial cell density in bullfrog skeletal muscle

Bridging Schwann cell transplants promote axonal regeneration from both the rostral and caudal stumps of transected adult rat spinal cord

Coexpression of connexin45 and -32 in oligodendrocytes of rat brain

Glial organization and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in the developing thalamus

PK (‘peripheral benzodiazepine’) – binding sites in the CNS indicate early and discrete brain lesions: microautoradiographic detection of [3H]PK 11195 binding to activated microglia

A Schwann cell matrix component of neuromuscular junctions and peripheral nerves

Cellular distribution of myosin-V in the guinea pig cochlea

Monosialoganglioside (GM1) immunofluorescence in rat spinal roots studied with a monoclonal antibody

Presynaptic terminals in hyaline cells of normal and overstimulated chick inner ears

Calcitonin gene-related peptide and α-CGRP mRNA expression in cranial motoneurons after hypoglossal nerve injury during postnatal development

The regional distribution of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the developing rat CNS: an in vivo immunohistochemical study

Expression of the dm-20 isoform of the plp gene in olfactory nerve ensheathing cells: evidence from developmental studies

Ontogenetic development of diffusional restriction to protein at the pial surface of the rat brain: an electron microscopical study

Gonadal steroid preservation of central synaptic input to hamster facial motoneurons following peripheral axotomy

Does the reticular thalamic nucleus project to the midbrain?

Axonal cytoskeletal changes after non-disruptive axonal injury

Nimodipine maintains in vivo the increase in GFAP and enhances the astroglial ensheathment of surviving motoneurons in the rat following permanent target deprivation

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