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Hemp (Cannabis sativa) has a highly variable sexual phenotype. In dioecious hemp, the sex is controlled by heteromorphic sex chromosomes according to an X-to-autosomes equilibrium. However, in monoecious hemp, the sex determinism remains widely unknown and has never been related to a quantitative approach of sex expression. The present paper aims to contribute to the comprehension of the sex determinism...
Arundo donax is a perennial rhizomatous plant growing spontaneously all over the world as an invasive plant reaching more than 8 m in height. It is a sterile plant which reproduces itself only agamically, through rhizomes and cane fragments which are transported by water or through human action. Although A. donax is an invasive plant it is considered one of the most promising energy crops, as it...
Information on genetic gains in different traits of wheat is important in breeding cultivars with improved grain yield. Changes in agronomic and phenologic traits resulting from breeding in Iranian wheat cultivars were studied. Eighty one wheat cultivars released from 1930 to 2006 were examined under well watered (WW) and terminal drought stress (DS) conditions at Karaj during 2007–2008 and 2008–2009,...
The efficiency of in vitro polyploidization depends on several variables associated to the plant, the antimicrotubule agent and the interactions between them. In the present work, we have used response-surface methodology to determine the best operating conditions for plant recovery in polyploidization assays for shoot apices and somatic embryos of two seedless grape cultivars, employing colchicine...
Haploid technology can significantly shorten the time required for inbred line improvement, accelerate the breeding process, and reduce breeding costs. The production of haploids is not only dependent on the genetics of the paternal haploid inducer, but it is also affected by the genetic background of the maternal donor during the process of haploid production. To address the maternal genetic contribution...
Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb, is one of the most destructive diseases in cotton (Gossypium spp.). The most efficient and cost-effective method of controlling the disease is the use of resistant cotton cultivars. Most commercial cultivars and elite breeding lines are developed under non-VW conditions and their responses to the disease are currently unknown. This study...
Deployment of resistant soybean cultivars is the most effective and economical method of controlling Phytophthora root rot (PRR) incited by Phytophthora sojae, and characterization of Phytophthora resistance of the soybean cultivars greatly facilitates the effective utilization. The objective of this study was to characterize the resistance phenotype in 30 soybean cultivars/lines bred in Henan province...
Nuña beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an ancient and pre-ceramic landrace native to Andean region, possess the property of popping and a high content of proteins and carbohydrates, which makes it an alternative nutritious snack. Knowledge on the genetic bases of popping ability is relevant for common bean improvement. Progenies derived from two nuña bean crosses were used in a generation mean based...
An axillary branched somaclonal mutant (SbABM) in sorghum derived from Annigeri-1 was reported which exhibits branching from every node of the plant. This is the first axillary branched mutant reported in grain sorghum with desirable phenotype and stability of expression of axillary branching over generations. However, this trait was expressed at different levels of intensity (variation for number...
The gall wasp Leptocybe invasa is a major insect pest on plantation Eucalyptus in many countries. Since appearing in China in 2007 it has had major impacts on commercial plantations—some commonly planted Eucalyptus varieties have proven particularly susceptible, including hybrids involving Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis parent species. Intra-specific variation within each species for...
In order to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for drought tolerance in wheat during seed germination conditional and unconditional QTL analyses of eight seedling traits were conducted under two water regimes using three related F9 recombinant inbred line populations with a common female parent. A total of 87 QTLs for the eight seedlings traits and 34 specific QTLs related to drought tolerance...
Mottled/uniform color at the flower end of immature fruit is a highly important external quality trait that affects the market value of cucumber. Genetic analysis of different F2 and backcross populations revealed that one single recessive gene, u (uniform immature fruit color), determines the uniform immature fruit color trait in cucumber. Based on earlier studies, the u locus is located on chromosome...
Double podding in cultivated chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) can increase yield and yield stability. In the present study, we performed reciprocal crosses of ‘kabuli’ (double podded) and ‘desi’ (single podded) chickpeas to determine (i) the expressivity and penetrance of double podding, (ii) the correlations of yield and yield components, and (iii) the heritability of double podding, flower color,...
A study was carried out in which seedling resistance to the crown rust pathogen, Pucciniacoronata f. sp. avenae (Pca), was characterised among 385 oat accessions of Avenastrigosa, A. barbata and A. sativa from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection. Accessions were tested with eight Australian pathotypes of Pca of diverse pathogenicity on a series of differential genotypes carrying known...
Soybean (Glycine max L.) displays considerable variation in its resistance to insects. Characterization and application of insect resistance genes in soybean germplasm may be a sustainable and economical approach to soybean production. In this study, we demonstrated that the gene encoding allene oxide synthase (GmAOS1) was associated with soybean defense against the common cutworm (CCW, Spodoptera litura...
Specialty food markets are continually interested in food grains with unique attributes and qualities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative effects of genotype and environment on the agronomic performance of six black grain sorghum hybrids developed to produce high concentrations of total phenols, condensed tannins and 3-deoxyanthocyanin. These hybrids and a commercial grain sorghum...
Use of diverse germplasm is a key factor which allows high level of resolution due to extensive recombination in the history. Therefore, population used in association mapping should posses as many phenotypes as possible. One of the methods to obtain most of the phenotypes is to construct the core collection. The ICRISAT foxtail millet core collection consisting of 155 accessions was genotyped using...
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