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The brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important pest of rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poales: Poaceae). The need for N. lugens-resistant rice varieties able to cope with stressful conditions obviously requires that breeders better comprehend the physiology and genetic control of N. lugens resistance. In spite of several good reviews recently published, an integrated...
The demand for superior grain quality represents a major issue in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding. To study the genetic basis of rice grain quality, including traits specifying grain dimension and percentage of grains with chalkiness, quantitative genetic analysis was conducted in a population of 37 introgression lines (ILs) of indica elite variety Habataki in the background of japonica cultivar Sasanishiki...
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids display commercially useful levels of heterosis for lint yield. Cotton lint yield is primarily a multiplicative product of boll number and lint per boll, both of which can be further dissected into sub-components. Relationships among the yield components are complex where they further interact with the environment. To identify different yield components...
Certified seed producers systematically select and propagate registered varieties year after year in order to maintain their uniformity and the original registered cultivar traits. However, natural mutations, spontaneous breeding between varieties and alien grain contamination can introduce undesirable variability. NRVC 980385 is a temperate japonica rice cultivar (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) first...
Cotton is a high-value per acre crop that is produced as a raw material for the textile industry. With the development of new technologies in the textile industry, much attention has been paid to fiber quality in conjunction with yield. The introgression cultivar “Acala Prema” is extensively planted in the Carolina/USA for its good fiber qualities, high yields and tolerance to Verticillium wilt. To...
Leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina) is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Uruguay, and breeding for resistance to this disease is a priority for the INIA wheat program. Knowledge of the effective resistance genes present in the germplasm is relevant when selecting for effective and more durable resistance. The leaf rust resistance present in six adapted wheat cultivars that are parents...
Cold water irrigation and growth in low temperature phytotron are two commonly used methods to evaluate cold tolerance of rice at the seedling stage and the cold sensitive seedlings exhibit different injury symptoms, respectively. However, so far no one has systematically dissected the differences of cold tolerance at seedling stage in rice under the two cold environments. We used a recombinant inbred...
Omega gliadin proteins are one of the most allergenic components of wheat gluten. Proteins of the ω-5 subgroup are recognized as main allergens causing wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis—the most dangerous, life-threatening IgE mediated food allergy. A set of wheat genotypes lacking all ω-gliadins has been developed by cumulating inactive gene variants in three gliadin coding loci (Gli A1...
Rice leaf folder, stem borer and brown planthopper (BPH) are the most devastating rice insect pests. Developing and planting insect-resistant rice varieties is the most economical and effective measure for controlling these pests. BPH can be controlled with native BPH-resistance genes in rice, while at present rice leaf folder and stem borer can only be controlled through planting transgenic Bt rice...
Wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides, (2n = 4× = 28; genome BBAA), the progenitor of domesticated wheat, is genetically closely related to durum and common wheat. This wild taxon has characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to domesticated wheat. A series of chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) of wild emmer wheat were produced in the background of an Israeli common...
The heading characters and morphological traits of two partial sets of wheat–barley disomic addition lines, namely Mv9kr1/Igri and Asakaze/Manas, were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions in a phytotron under long-day, short-day and non-vernalised conditions and in field-sown experiments. The winter barley chromosome additions significantly influenced the flowering time of wheat both...
In the present study, we performed the resistance assessment by rice blast inoculation on IRBLta2-Re and IRBLta-CP1, the experimental lines supposed to carry rice blast resistance genes Pita2 and Pita, respectively. The analysis by using 196 rice blast isolates derived from China indicated that the resistance spectrum of IRBLta2-Re was broader than that of IRBLta-CP1. Both IRBLta2-Re and IRBLta-CP1...
Environmental stresses such as chilling temperatures can decrease germination, emergence, flower and fruit development, marketable yield, and postharvest fruit storage longevity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). While response to chilling injury in cucumber is controlled by simple plastidic (maternal) and nuclear (paternal) factors, no chilling tolerant U.S. processing varieties are commercially available...
Calçots are the immature floral stems of second-year resprouts of the ‘Blanca Tardana de Lleida’ (BTL) onion landrace, and to date, breeding has used only a few populations. So, we aimed to increase our knowledge of the variability of BTL and to explore its characteristics and genetic dissimilarity with other varieties that might be used in calçot breeding programs. We analyzed the agronomic and morphological...
Combining ability is one of the most important information breeders use to identify superior inbred lines on the basis of their performance in hybrid combinations. The objectives of our study were (i) to quantify the importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances for seed yield, oil content and oil yield; and (ii) estimate GCA and SCA effects of seed yield,...
Plant architectural characteristics are under strong genetic regulation. Economically important traits for forage crops such as biomass yield, ground cover and persistence can be improved by selecting for particular aerial architectural characteristics. Here, we present an easily applicable method for the spatiotemporal description of branching patterns in red clover (Trifolium pratense) and perennial...
This study is the first report of combining ability and heterosis for important vitamins and antioxidant plant pigments in cauliflower. Five CMS lines were crossed with 8 male fertile lines in line × tester design to develop 40 hybrids. These hybrids along with parental lines were evaluated for different vitamins and anti-oxidant pigments to reveal extent of heterosis and genetic combining ability...
Vernalization and photoperiodism are two important physiological processes related to yield of many cool-season annual crops. The flowering response of 20 flax (Linum usitatissimumL.) genotypes to two vernalization regimes (vernalized and unvernalized) and two photoperiod treatments (10 and 14 h) was evaluated in a growth chamber study in 2010 and 2011. The results suggest that photoperiod, vernalization,...
This investigation was carried out to determine the variability in oil content with the aim to identify genotypes of argan tree expressing high oil yield. The 150 argan trees were collected from five provenances in south west of Morocco over 3 years (2008–2010) and were screened from their oil content using Soxhlet method based on the 840 samples. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to...
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat greatly reduces the quality and economic value of grain, and PHS resistance is one of the most important traits in wheat breeding. Red-grained wheat varieties are generally more resistant to PHS than white-grained ones; however, some are still susceptible. The red pigment of red-grained wheat is synthesized through the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, in which the...
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