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Increase in maize grain yield in West Africa can be achieved by developing maize varieties tolerant to low soil nitrogen (N) and improving soil fertility. Six maize populations were evaluated in two locations in Nigeria under low-N (45 kg N ha−1) and high-N (90 kg N ha−1) conditions to identify morphological and physiological traits that changed in genotypes that had undergone recurrent selection...
Low temperatures dramatically influence spikelets at the booting stage, which is an important factor that greatly reduces grain yield. Mining the genes for grain yield under low temperatures and elucidating the genetic mechanism is a key approach to breeding improved-yield crops. In this study, we generated 190 recombinant inbred lines with 155 SSR markers from a cross between Dongnong422 (a low-temperature-sensitive...
The yellow-green leaf color mutant (Ygm) is a spontaneous mutant derived from the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Xinong1718. Genetic analysis has shown that a novel single incompletely dominant gene (Y1718) is responsible for the yellow leaf color phenotype. The progeny of Ygm exhibit three distinct leaf color phenotypes, i.e., yellow (Y), yellow-green (Yg), and normal green (G). Y plants...
In practice, progeny and individual palm selection are believed to be the most suitable breeding approach for improvement of quantitative traits in oil palm because their phenotypic expressions are strongly influenced by abiotic factors. Therefore progeny selection approach was applied in this study for the selection of high fresh fruit bunch (FFB) and dwarf oil palm planting materials. Cross between...
Studies on quantitative genetics of foliar resistance to black pod disease in cacao could inadvertently use cocoa swollen shoot virus (CSSV) infected leaves which could bias the results especially in West Africa where the virus is prevalent. However, effects of CSSV on inheritance and heritability of foliar resistance to Phytophthora species is not known. Choice of an efficient breeding method requires...
Genetic analysis of root and physiological traits and selection of genotypes with higher drought tolerance through these traits is generally limited in tall fescue. In this study, some parental genotypes of tall fescue first were assessed for field drought tolerance in 2014–2015 and then the polycross seeds were harvested to provide half-sib families. Sixteen half-sib families along with their corresponding...
Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has become one of the major pests of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America since 2000. At least four biotypes of soybean aphid have been confirmed in the United States. Genetic characterization of new sources of soybean aphid resistance will facilitate the expansion of soybean gene pool for soybean aphid resistance and thus will help to develop...
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. Identification and utilization of resistance genes in rice breeding is considered to be an effective and economical method to control this disease. Hanghui 1179 (HH1179) is a new native rice restorer line developed in South China. The hybrids derived from HH1179 show...
Phyllody is one of the most destructive diseases of sesame and causes serious yield losses worldwide. The present research was conducted to identify phyllody resistant genotypes in sesame. A total of 542 sesame genotypes were screened for the disease resistance in the field using a disease incidence scale of 1–5 in the year 2012. Three hundred four genotypes showing high disease intensity were eliminated...
Knowledge of ploidy level differences, genome size and genetic relationships between species facilitates interspecific hybridization in ornamentals. For Sarcococca (Buxaceae) only limited (cyto)genetic information is available. The aim of this study was to determine the genome size and chromosome number and to unravel the genetic relationships of a breeder’s collection using AFLP marker analysis....
This study investigated the genetics of seedlessness in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) by the application of specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and genome-wide association mapping. SLAF-seq was used to provide dense genome-wide marker coverage for the 199 grape accessions to screen for genetic controls over seedlessness. After comparison of genome sequences with the reference genome,...
Genotype variation in selected Kenyan barley breeding lines was determined by differential profiles of seed hordein proteins using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Consequently, a phylogenetic relationship derived from unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean Jaccard clustering matrix was generated based on absence or presence of hordein bands. In parallel,...
Wild potato relatives are rich sources of desirable traits for introgressive hybridisation into cultivated potato. One of them, Solanum commersonii (2n = 2x = 24, 1EBN, endosperm balance number), is an important species belonging to the potato tertiary genepool. It can be used in potato breeding through bridge crosses and 2n gamete production. Triploid F1 hybrids between S. commersonii (through spontaneous...
Fruit morphology is one of the most important traits in cucumber because it directly affects its commercial value. The cucumber line CS-PMR1 is a promising breeding material for improving disease resistance, but its fruit morphology is not ideal for the Japanese market, and this hampers breeding. We used recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between CS-PMR1 and the Japanese cultivar ‘Santou’...
The growth of evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron spp.) can be altered by iron (Fe) chlorosis when plants are cultivated in a neutral-alkaline substrate. In this study, morphological and physiological responses to alkalinity and Fe deficiency were evaluated in five diploid Japanese azaleas to assess their potential as resources for breeding. R. obtusum ‘Kirin’, R. indicum ‘Shinsen’, R. × pulchrum ‘Sen-e-oomurasaki’,...
Integration of alleles for bacterial canker resistance into new sweet cherry cultivars requires information on the sources of resistance in the germplasm. Five market-leading sweet cherry cultivars, ‘Rainier’, ‘Sweetheart’, ‘Bing’, ‘Regina’ and ‘Chelan’, advanced selections ‘AA’, ‘BB’, ‘CC’, ‘DD’, ‘EE’, ‘GG’, and ‘PMR-1’ used as breeding parents in the Washington State University’s Sweet Cherry Breeding...
The genus Psidium includes important fruit crops. However, there are very few studies focusing on its reproductive biology, which limits the establishment of breeding programs. The present work investigated the reproductive biology of Psidium guajava and Psidium cattleianum in terms of compatibility of crossings between these two species aiming at interspecific hybridization because the latter species...
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop) is a soil pathogen that causes wilt in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and is one of the most important diseases of this crop. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method of controlling losses from this pathogen, and studying the inheritance of Fop resistance could provide useful insights for developing cultivars with resistance. Thus, the...
Plant landraces have long been recognized as potential gene pools for biotic and abiotic stress-related genes. This research used spring wheat landrace accessions to identify new sources of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton), an important insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains of North America. Screening efforts targeted 1409 accessions from six geographical...
High ambient temperature has adverse effects on plant vegetative and reproductive development and reduces crop yield. To better understand the importance of male and female fertility for tomato fruit set ability under high temperature conditions and to test whether heat tolerance levels among and between reproductive and vegetative traits of genotypes correlate with each other, 13 tomato cultivars...
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