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Selection index updating, a method of multistage selection, allows breeders to determine the optimal truncation point of each stage so that the aggregate genetic gain (▵H) or the gain to cost ratio (▵H/C) is maximum. In this study, we demonstrated the use of selection index updating on selection of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). We determined the optimal selection schemes that optimized the balance...
Durum wheat has been subjected to intense breeding in Italy due to its local economic importance. Four groups of Italian cultivars representative of different breeding eras were compared in northern Syria for yield potential and morphophysiological features at a moderately favourable site, and drought tolerance at a stressful site. Group 1 included indigenous landraces; Group 2 comprised genotypes...
The effect of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 intercross cycles using genetic male sterility on the mean yield and genetic variability of the CNA 5 irrigated rice synthetic population was assessed studying 300 S0:2 (1998/99) and S0:3 (1999/00) families grown in two locations (Lambari, MG and Goianira, GO). Each intercross was investigated using a 8 × 8 triple lattice design experiment containing 60 families and...
Eleven mating designs, 6 top-crosses and 5 North Carolina II, were used to estimate narrow sense, broad sense and within-cross heritability of Coffea canephora yield in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective was to predict achievable genetic gains according to different breeding strategies. Narrow sense, broad sense, family and within-cross heritabilities were 0.32, 0.43, 0.83 and 0.22, on average respectively...
Evaluation of wheat cultivars from different eras allows breeders to determine changes in agronomic and end-use quality characteristics associated with grain yield and end-use quality improvement over time. The objective of this research was to examine the trends in agronomic and end-use quality characteristics of hard red winter wheat cultivars grown in Nebraska. Thirty historically important and...
No information is available on the effects of different biomass yield environments on selection efficiency in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) breeding improvement. This study was conducted to assess the effects of high- and low-biomass yield environments (HYE and LYE, respectively) on recurrent selection for general combining ability (RSGCA) in a lowland population of switchgrass (NL-94). The top...
The genetic gain of oats in Italy over the past 40 years was evaluated using 14 cultivars belonging to three different groups: (i) five cultivars derived from local populations at the beginning of the oat breeding in Italy; (ii) four foreign cultivars, introduced in Italy in the 1980s; (iii) five modern cultivars, selected through specific breeding programmes. The genotypes were tested for 2 years...
The aim of this study was to examine the genetic control of time-to-flowering (precocity) in 39 open-pollinated families of Eucalyptus cladocalyx in southern Atacama Desert, Chile, with the view to the selection of trees that flower earlier but with minimal impact on survival and growth. A Bayesian approach, implemented using Gibbs sampling algorithm, was used in data analyses. Precocity was assessed...
Two cucumber recombinant inbred lines (RILs) differing in plant habit were crossed and progeny self-pollinated to produce F3 individuals upon which phenotypic selection was practiced to identify a base population which in turn underwent either two cycles of MAS or random mating without selection (RAN). MAS and RAN were practiced to produce F4 and F5 progeny sets. RIL, crossing parents, and F3–F5 progeny...
The rate of breeding progress of 10 medium and 11 late maturing promiscuous soybean varieties developed by IITA for the savanna zones of Nigeria from 1980 to 1996 was assessed at two locations in 2001 and 2002. The two maturity groups were evaluated in separate experiments using randomized complete block design with four replications. There were highly significant effects of variety on grain yield,...
An investigation of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruit and juice color dimensions (L* a* b*) was conducted to estimate genetic parameters and determine breeding strategies for improving fruit color in the University of Florida strawberry breeding population. The genetic analysis was conducted using clonally replicated seedlings from a factorial mating design with additional biparental crosses...
The genotype × environment (GE) interaction influences genotype selection and recommendations. Consequently, the objectives of genetic improvement should include obtaining genotypes with high potential yield and stability in unpredictable conditions. The GE interaction and genetic improvement for grain yield and yield stability was studied for 11 durum breeding lines, selected from Iran/ICARDA joint...
The international winter wheat improvement program (IWWIP), an alliance between Turkey–CIMMYT–ICARDA, has distributed improved germplasm to different National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) partners through international nurseries and yield trials for the last 25 years. This study was carried out in order to determine the rate of breeding progress for yield and yield related traits at IWWIP...
Genetic progress has brought about a dramatic increase in yield potential per se for almost all production areas around the world. The present study examines the relationship of wheat yield with year of release, yield components, harvest index (HI), biomass production, and plant height. We used aggregative data from 1945 to 2010 to calculate genetic gain in wheat yield across different zones in China...
Information on genetic gains in different traits of wheat is important in breeding cultivars with improved grain yield. Changes in agronomic and phenologic traits resulting from breeding in Iranian wheat cultivars were studied. Eighty one wheat cultivars released from 1930 to 2006 were examined under well watered (WW) and terminal drought stress (DS) conditions at Karaj during 2007–2008 and 2008–2009,...
Breeders face serious challenges in breeding early-maturing maize hybrids which are required by farmers in marginal environments. The objectives of the study were to determine the genetic gain for breeding for high yield, and investigate levels of genetic variation, heritability and associations between grain yield and secondary traits in early-maturing hybrids. Fifty maize hybrids were evaluated...
Stem borers, Busseola fusca and Chilo partellus, are among the key devastating lepidopteran insect pests of maize causing grain yield losses. Recurrent selection studies for stem borer resistance in maize are limited. However, maize populations carrying resistance genes to these stem borers have not been exploited fully in breeding programmes. The objective of the study was to separately improve resistance...
Contamination of maize grain with mycotoxins including aflatoxin and fumonisin poses a threat to human health and livestock. The objectives of this study were to determine the current status of incidence of ear rot causing fungi, which are associated with mycotoxin contamination, in southern African maize hybrids, and to check whether or not mycotoxin resistance genes can be stacked in a single product...
Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) is increasingly adopted in the southeastern USA as a companion crop in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) pastures, where poultry litter is excessively used as source of N fertilizer. This research explores the extent of genetic variation in phosphorus (P) accumulation and uptake in alfalfa germplasm grown in a soil heavily amended with poultry waste, and the expected...
Studies on genetic gains in grain yield and other traits may be very useful in providing necessary information to plant breeders about the effectiveness of their breeding programs. The objective of this research was to analyze changes in grain yield, yield stability and morphological characteristics of maize hybrids released in Serbia between 1978 and 2011. Five hybrids, representatives of different...
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