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The aim of this study was to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of individual bamboo fibers after alkali treatment. The individual bamboo fibers were treated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with varying concentration (6, 8, 10, 15 and 25%) followed by rinsing and freeze-drying treatments. The alkali treated individual bamboo fibers were subsequently characterized by scanning electron...
Lyocell-fabric based all-cellulose composite (ACC) laminates were produced using a compression molding technique by four different routes using ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) as solvent. Process I to Process III were used to produce cross-plied ACC laminates while unidirectional ACC laminates were produced by Process IV. The microstructures of the laminates were analyzed on the...
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) biocomposites were developed using a simple aqueous solution technique. A PEO/CNF composite was also produced in the molten state to compare different preparations. The effects of nanofibers on different properties of PEO including rheological, thermal, mechanical and optical were investigated. For the sample prepared in the molten state, no change...
Currently, long-chain cellulose esters are not produced commercially because of high price, and since their preparation typically requires a large quantity of chemicals. To reduce the chemical consumption, cellulose reactivity needs to be increased without losing its quality. One way to increase the reactivity of cellulose is to decrease its molar mass in a controlled manner. In this study, we have...
Increasing environmental awareness has promoted development of ecofriendly materials incorporating renewable raw materials and using green synthesis routes such as waterborne dispersion, avoiding employment of organic solvents and thus reducing generation of volatile organic compounds. In this regard, waterborne polyurethanes (WBPU) present an opportunity to tailor material properties while meeting...
This paper reports the temperature-dependence of methanol generation and the tensile index under ageing conditions for two paper/oil systems: one consisting of a standard wood Kraft paper and the other of a thermally-upgraded Kraft paper (TUK). A linear correlation between methanol and the tensile index for these paper/oil systems was observed in a previous study at 170 °C. In the current study, the...
Hybrid inorganic–organic treatments, based on amide-amine polymers (PAAs), against thermal oxidation have been prepared on paper dating back to eighteenth century. The polymeric sols are obtained by step-growth Michael addition polymerization and functionalized with siloxane network by sol–gel method. Five types of samples have been prepared changing the molar ratios among the reagents and their concentration...
Water-based spinning dopes composed of enzymatically fibrillated pulp (EFP), poly(vinyl alcohol) and glutaraldehyde crosslinker were successfully spun into monofilaments. Specimens containing EFP concentrations of 50 and 60 wt% were obtained utilising a customised spinning system based on a syringe pump. Monofilaments exhibited high stiffness, good strength and low strain; maximum tensile values were...
In this study, flax fibers were oxidized in order to improve the interfacial adhesion of cellulosic fibrils to a TiO2 coating. The TiO2 coating was created on the flax fiber by a Sol–Gel dip-coating technique. The effect of cellulose oxidation and the consequent TiO2 grafting was studied on cellulose crystalline structures using X-ray diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to compare...
Bleached palm fiber without lignin, alkalized palm fiber without hemicelluloses and raw windmill palm fiber were prepared. Then, the chemical composition and the mechanical properties of the windmill palm fiber were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were employed to characterize the structure and chemical composition. A universal...
Regenerated cellulose (RC) film is an important cellulose-based product with a wide range of applications in the packaging industry and drug delivery. In this study, RC film was prepared using an organic electrolyte solution (OES)/ionic liquid (IL) system consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to dissolve cotton linter at room temperature. Results...
This study was conducted to determine and analyse the influence of production process on the mechanical properties of bleached alfa pulpboard. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the industrial process currently used to produce the pulpboard causes small-scale and large-scale deformations in the alfa fibres. The same process results in a preferred orientation of the alfa fibres, leading to alignment...
Lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) were produced from thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) using a micro-grinder and were characterized with respect to fiber diameter and thermal stability. The initial water content in the TMP affected the defibrillation process and longer grinding time was necessary for the air-dried TMP, resulting in LCNF with higher fibril diameter. As compared to the reference cellulose...
The synergy of the materials physical characteristics, performance and recyclability become vital for industrial sustainability. However, finding a suitable cellulosic fiber type to form potential cellulosic-based composite and investigating performance deteriorations are of paramount importance to expand sustainable design possibilities for various applications. In this work investigations of the...
Processing recycled cellulosic fiber suspension in papermaking has been a main industry concern. Chitosan as a natural biopolymer has been considered recently. The presence of amine groups gives this material an opportunity to gain cationic charge especially in the acidic conditions. Also, its straight polymeric chain consisting of (1–4) linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucan monomer is a unique property...
Hardwood bleached Kraft pulp was treated with an endoglucanase prior to Valley beating. The Valley-beaten pulp slurry was further ground with a particle grinder in order to evaluate the effect of enzyme beating on preparation of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). The time required to make 100 mL Canadian Standard Freeness pulp slurry was greatly reduced by enzyme pre-treatment. The viscosity of the...
Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibers were acylated by the sizing agent, alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) reagent in an aqueous medium, by simple impregnation. The chemical modification was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state 13C NMR. All the samples were combined with low-density polyethylene and the morphology, thermal properties, mechanical properties and water...
Films from colloidal suspensions of cationic polyelectrolyte complexes of xylan (Xyl) and chitosan (Ch) were formed and characterized by measuring: oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, solubility, and mechanical properties. High xylan content (Xyl/Ch mass ratio: from 70/30 to 85/15) was used, and a low amount of plasticizer (10 wt% glycerol) was always added. At 50% relative humidity (RH), all...
Citric acid was used as the cross-linker to prepare the sustainable wood starch nanocomposites (WSNC) from the renewable resources like starch and soft wood flour using water as the solvent. Nano SiO2 was employed to develop the physicochemical properties of the WSNC via a green path. In this process, starch was grafted with methylmethacrylate (MMA) and SiO2 was modified with N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl...
Transparent organic–inorganic hybrids with a whitish colour were prepared from cellulose diacetate (CDA) nanosheets derived from Dion–Jacobson-type ion-exchangeable layered perovskite HLaNb2O7·xH2O (HLaNb) to prepare CDA-based hybrids bearing covalent bonds between HLaNb nanosheets and CDA matrices for improved mechanical properties. An n-decoxy derivative of HLaNb (C10_HLaNb) was exfoliated in acetonitrile...
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