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In this brief paper, the author reports on a meeting on copper research (2nd International Meeting on Copper Homeostasis and its Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Aspects) recently held in Ravello, Italy (17–21 September 1999). Aimed at elucidating the diverse roles played by copper ions in biology and medicine, as they are currently intensely investigated worldwide, the meeting has been organized...
This paper reviews the Second International Workshop on Iron and Copper Homeostasis, held in Pucón, Chile 10–13 November, 2001. We cover the presentations and papers published (this issue) with the intent to point out parallels, contrasts and cutting edge areas rather than to say something about every paper. Iron and copper metabolism have been intertwined for nearly 150 years and the interrelationship...
With this work, we have determined the cellular content of Cu, Fe and Zn in different cell lines, by using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). In addition, we examined whether cellular exposure to 100 μmoles l−1 of Cu-His modifies the intracellular content and distribution of these trace metals. Our results indicate that all the cell lines displayed the same pattern of relative...
Whole body homeostasis can be viewed as the balance between absorption and excretion, which can be regulated independently. Present evidence suggests that for iron, intestinal absorption is the main site for homeostatic regulation, while for copper it is biliary excretion. There are connections between iron and copper in intestinal absorption and transport. The blue copper plasma protein, ceruloplasmin,...
Copper is an essential trace element. However, excess copper can lead to oxidation of biomolecules and cell damage and copper levels must be carefully controlled. While copper homeostasis has been studied extensively at the cellular level, short-term body copper fluxes are poorly understood. Here, we assessed for the first time the feasibility of measuring whole body copper flux by positron emission...
CopY of Enterococcus hirae is a well characterized copper-responsive repressor involved in copper homeostasis. In the absence of copper, it binds to the promoter. In high copper, the CopZ copper chaperone donates copper to CopY, thereby releasing it from the promoter and allowing transcription of the downstream copper homeostatic genes of the cop operon. We here show that the CopY-like repressors...
In this brief review we summarize what is known about the role of hCTR1 in mediating the entry of copper into human cells. There is a body of information that clearly identifies this protein as being a major source (though not the only source) of copper entry into human cells, and thus a crucial element of copper homeostasis. However, much remains that is poorly understood and key aspects of the physiological...
In this work we investigated the adaptive response of E. faecalis to Cu and the role of CopY, a Cu-dependent repressor, in the regulation of Cu metabolism. In doing so, we examined the whole-genome transcriptional response of E. faecalis wild-type (WT) and a ΔcopY strain exposed to non-toxic Cu excess. The results indicated that after Cu exposure, most of the genes that displayed a significant change...
The pathway of copper entry into Escherichia coli is still unknown. In an attempt to shed light on this process, a lux-based biosensor was utilized to monitor intracellular copper levels in situ. From a transposon-mutagenized library, strains were selected in which copper entry into cells was reduced, apparent as clones with reduced luminescence when grown in the presence of copper (low-glowers)....
Here we report on the results obtained from an antiviral screening, including herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Coxsackie B4 virus or respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, reovirus-1 and Punta Toro virus, of three 2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl acylhydrazone compounds in three cell lines (i.e. human embryonic lung fibroblast cells, human cervix carcinoma cells,...
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