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Abstract. We have investigated the effect of storage conditions (duration: 1, 8 or 15days; temperature: 4C or 10C) and root coverage [bare root (BR) or soil-plugged root (PR)] on the water status, electrolyte leakage and root growth potential (number of new roots and new root length) of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) seedlings. We have also examined the effects that storage causes on plant quality...
Abstract. To estimate the water status of Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) under reduced hydraulic conductance, we measured diurnal changes in the trunk diameter of two 20-year-old trees during a hot dry summer. One tree showed a greatly reduced water-transport area in its trunk cross-section and leaf specific hydraulic conductivity. Diurnal changes in trunk diameter were measured at the xylem...
We examined the carry-over effects of ozone (O3) and/or water stress on leaf phenological characteristics and bud frost hardiness of Fagus crenata seedlings. Three-year-old seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air or 60nll1 O3, 7h a day, from May to October 1999 in naturally-lit growth chambers. Half of the seedlings in each gas treatment received 250ml of water at 3-day intervals (well-watered...
Effects of mild and severe soil drought on the water status of needles, chlorophyll a fluorescence, shoot electrical admittance, and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments in needles of seedlings of Picea abies (L.) Karst. were examined under controlled greenhouse conditions. Drought stress reduced shoot admittance linearly with a decrease in shoot water potential (Ψw) and increase in water deficit...
The sensitivity of continuous (on a whole-day basis) and discretely (at midday) measured indicators of the plant water status in adult lemon trees in response to a cycle of water deprivation and recovery, and the feasibility of obtaining baselines for tree water status indicators was investigated in 30-year-old Fino lemon trees (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. fil.) grafted on sour orange (C. aurantium L...
Climate change is expected to involve more-frequent and intense summer droughts in the Mediterranean region. This represents a threat for long-term persistence of woody species, such as European holly (Ilex aquifolium), that originated under humid climates during the Tertiary period. The capacity of this species to persist under increased water stress, both in gaps and in the understory of an oak-dominated...
There is general agreement that in many regions additional precipitation with climate change will not be able to balance the increased evaporation rate induced by higher air temperatures, causing periods of intense drought. Although seedlings of Abies balsamea growing in the boreal forest are known for their resistance to harsh environmental conditions, the impact of water stress on their growth still...
Two-year-old olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Coratina) were subjected to a 15-day period of water deficit, followed by 12 days of rewatering. Water deficit caused decreases in predawn leaf water potential (Ψw), relative water content and osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100) of leaves and roots, which were normally restored upon the subsequent rewatering. Extracts of leaves and roots of well-watered...
It is still unknown whether the midday depression of photosynthesis under severe water stress, frequently observed in plants growing in a Mediterranean-type climate, is primarily a consequence of diffusional or non-diffusional limitations. We carried out combined measurements of gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence in field-grown Arbutus unedo L. trees during late spring and mid summer, and...
The physiological capacities of seedlings to cope with drought may be subject to strong selective pressure in the context of future climate scenarios, threatening the regeneration and sustainability of forests. Characterization of the responses and the variability between species is of interest to breeding and domestication programs. In this study, our main goal was to describe some of the physiological...
Hybrids of willow (Salix spp.) are today grown as biomass crops for energy in several cool-temperate regions including Sweden. These trees have great growth potential also under warmer climates, but may suffer from drought and heat. Research on tree growth under drought has often focused on the responses to permanent water stress. Less attention has been paid to the effects of temporary water stress...
Colonization dynamics of woody species into grasslands in Neotropical savannas are determined by two main factors: plant-available moisture and fire. Considering seasonality of precipitation and high fire frequency in these ecosystems, vegetative reproduction has been suggested as the main regeneration strategy in woody species. This study examined seasonal variations in water relations and photosynthesis...
The size of seeds and the microsite of seed dispersal may affect the early establishment of seedlings through different physiological processes. Here, we examined the effects of seed size and light availability on seedling growth and survival, and whether such effects were mediated by water use efficiency. Acorns of Quercus petraea and the more drought-tolerant Quercus pyrenaica were sowed within...
In managed settings, seedlings are often fertilized with the objective of enhancing establishment, growth, and survival. However, responses of seedlings to fertilization can increase their susceptibility to abiotic stresses such as drought. Seedlings acclimate to variation in soil resources by reallocating carbon among different physiological processes and compartments, such as above versus belowground...
Holm oak (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota [Desf.] Samp) is one of the most important species in forest communities of the western Mediterranean Basin, but is very vulnerable to environmental stress during the first years of its life. In particular, summer drought and winter frosts limit the distribution, survival, and growth of Holm oak. These two stress factors can lead to plasmolysis and/or oxidative...
We analysed proline, abscisic acid, (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation after summer drought at two Pinus pinaster provenance-progeny trial sites. The aim of the study was to evaluate P. pinaster phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific variation in the endogenous concentrations of these metabolites and to determine the best stress indicators for...
Heartwood development and other functional changes in stem conductance in response to water stress in radiata pine were investigated using two contrasting climatic areas (high-altitude sub-alpine vs. warm–dry inland) of the Hume region of New South Wales, Australia. The study included mature (34.5–36.5 years old) and young stands (10–11 years old) measured under normal climate and during an extreme...
Key message SA treatment effectively ameliorated the negative effect of moderate drought stress onT. grandisSeedlings through increasing the water content, Pn, proline content, antioxidant enzymes activity and reducing MDA. Abstract Water availability is one of the most critical factors that limits the growth and development of plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule that...
Key messageThis study shows that deficit irrigation can be encouraged in productive activities like plant nursing, especially with the most resistant species. Abstract Drought acclimation is attained by avoidance mechanisms in the short term and by adaptation changes in the long term. In this study, we applied deficit irrigation at nursery stage to elicit species-specific...
Key messageFreezing with liquid nitrogen promotes the expansion of air in water columns of water-stressed, intact trees that are not transpiring. Abstract In analyses of the distribution of water-filled and embolized conduits, xylem sap is frozen with liquid nitrogen and visualized using cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). However, artifacts...
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