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Abstract. The responses of pubescent birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) leaves to elevated levels of carbon dioxide and ozone were investigated. The micropropagated birch clones used in this research were divided into coastal (Kempele 64N 25E) and inland (Ylikiiminki 65 N 26E) clones according to the provenance of the parent tree. The seedlings were exposed to elevated levels of CO2 and CO2+O3 in open-top...
The stomatal characteristics, length and dry weight as well as stable carbon isotope composition (13C) of needles and tree rings of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) at different altitudes in the Qilian mountains were investigated. The results showed that stomatal density, distribution pattern on epidermis, and length and dry weight of needles all increased with altitude below 3,000m. In contrast,...
Effects of water stress duration and intensity on gas exchange and leaf water potential were investigated in 7-month-old seedlings of a humid coastal provenance (Gympie) and a dry inland (Hungry Hills) provenance of E. cloeziana F. Muell. and in a dry inland (Chinchilla) provenance of E. argophloia Blakely supplied with 100% (T100), 70% (T70), 50% (T50) of their water requirements, or were watered...
Stomatal frequency is often observed to vary inversely with atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2). The response is due to (1) individual phenotypic plasticity and (2) evolutionary change, depending on the time scale. Evolutionary responses occur more frequently than individual responses and individual responses are more pronounced under subambient pCO2 levels than under elevated pCO2 (“CO2 ceiling”)...
Cariniana legalis is an emergent tree that reaches the upper canopy in Brazilian Semideciduous Forest. Spatial contrasts in microclimatic conditions between the upper canopy and understorey in a forest may affect morpho-physiological leaf traits. In order to test the hypothesis that the upper canopy is more stressful to leaves than a gap environment we compared emergent trees of C. legalis, 28–29 m...
Knowledge on variations in stomata is useful in reflecting leaf physiological characteristics of CO2 uptake and water transpiration, and predicting the responses of plants to future climate change. Stomatal density and number of stomatal rows (current-year, 1- and 2-year-old needles) in relation to tree age (ranging from 25 to 320 years old), elevation (ranging from 738 to 1,380 m a.s.l.), and sun...
Key messageAn automated process using a cascade classifier allowed the rapid assessment of the density and distribution of stomata on microphotographs from leaves of two oak species. Abstract Stomatal density is the number of stomata per unit area, an intensively studied trait, involved in the control of CO2 and H2O exchange between leaf and atmosphere. This trait is usually estimated by counting...
Key message TheAcaciaphyllode leaf form is hypothesised to be an adaptation to drought. However, in this experiment, the timing of phyllode development was not related to a low water treatment. Abstract Acacia species have markedly different leaf forms known as compound leaves, transitional leaves, and phyllodes, also known as heteroblastic development. The different leaf types are thought to confer...
Key messageFascicle types differed morphologically but had similar photosynthetic capacity on a surface area basis. Abstract In Pinus species, fascicles can develop with a different number of needles than what is typical. For example, Pinus taeda fascicles typically have three needles, but sometimes have two or four. Although differing fascicle morphology could be a response to changes in the environment...
Key message Rhododendron × pulchrum avoided air pollution by adjusting its stomatal density, while Ginkgo biloba tolerated air pollution via a small stomatal density and high mesophyll thickness. Abstract Information on the physiological mechanisms underlying species-specific photosynthetic responses to ambient air pollution is essential for enhancing the multiple services provided by urban trees...
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