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Abstract. The aim of this work was to test our hypothesis that pine needles protect themselves against UV-B radiation via anatomical changes in the epidermal layer. This could lead to needle growth reductions if large quantities of assimilates are allocated for the epidermal protective mechanisms at the expense of photosynthetic area. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the needle ontogeny of mature...
Tree-ring characteristics in four species were examined to address whether co-occurring mature trees of different successional status respond differently to drought, and whether saplings of these species have a greater response to drought than mature trees. We examined saplings and mature trees of paper birch, yellow birch, red maple and sugar maple, which varied in successional status (shade-tolerance)...
Plant defences can incur allocation costs and such costs incurred early in ontogeny may result in opportunity costs with effects evident later in life. A unified understanding of the growth cost of defence requires the identification of plants with varying ontogenetic trajectories of preferably resource demanding defences and an appropriate measurement of the growth cost of these defences. To develop...
There is growing evidence that tree turnover in tropical forests has increased over the last decades in permanent sample plots. This phenomenon is generally attributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2, but other causes cannot be ruled out. A proper evaluation of historical shifts in tree turnover requires data over longer periods than used so far. Here, we propose two methods to use tree-ring data...
Under natural conditions ontogenetic development often coincides with changes in environmental factors. When explaining variations in leaf parameters, analyses based solely on environmental factors will lead to significant errors if the plant shows substantial ontogenetic variations in leaf properties. We evaluated intraspecific variations in eight morphological leaf traits of Dipterocarpus alatus...
Changes in age of the hydraulic architecture of Ulmus minor and U. minor × U. pumila juvenile wood were studied and related to tolerance to Dutch elm disease (DED). The xylem vessel dimensions and the conductivity to air of 2- to 7-year-old branches were analyzed and quantified. No obvious differences in vessel length distribution and conductivity were found to explain differences in DED tolerance...
Key messageAfter controlling for the effects of size and light, partial regression revealed that height growth of common beech saplings was negatively affected by sapling age. Abstract Common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings were studied along gradients of light availability (4–82 % of full sunlight), initial size (9–290 cm), and age (2–25 years) to examine the interactive effect of these...
Key messageThe monoterpenoid content ofThuja plicataneedles and scales differs both quantitatively and qualitatively. Resin storage structures are associated with anatomical modifications that suggest facilitated exit of monoterpenoids. Abstract Western redcedar (Thuja plicata) is a highly valued source of...
Key message Across five biogeographic areas, DBH-CA allometry was characterized by inter-site homogeneity and intra-site heterogeneity, whereas the reverse was observed for DBH-H allometry. Abstract Tree crowns play a central role in stand dynamics. Remotely sensed canopy images have been shown to allow inferring stand structure and biomass which suggests that allometric scaling between stems and...
Key message Sapwood area and the radial growth rate of the trunk follow the same pattern at breast height, with an initial increase and subsequent constant value, resulting from the increasing growth allocation toward the crown rather than tree decline. Heartwood area and heartwood volume in the trunk increase more rapidly after this shift occurs. Abstract Sapwood (SW) and heartwood (HW) are two...
Key message Fir undergrowth under forest canopy forms the xylorhizome, which allows a long time to exist in pessimal conditions and to compete with nemoral species. Abstract This work is devoted to studying features of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) in the first stages of ontogeny in different forest conditions. We have shown that in determining biological (exact) age of the plant, researchers...
Key message This study highlighted the consistency of a functional scheme integrating leaf, stem and root traits, biomass allocation and stem anatomy for 15 tropical tree species at the seedling stage. This functional scheme was shaped by the trade-offs for resource use and the hydraulics of the plants and was found to determine seedling growth. Abstract Functional traits determine plant functioning,...
Key message Trees display contrasting specialized annual shoots during their life-span and along with ontogeny-driven modifications in their branching pattern, they can fulfill different combinations of light exploitation and space exploration functions Abstract Tree ontogeny is related to major changes in tree structure and function at different scales, from individual organs to the whole tree...
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