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Abstract. In cambium producing wood of increasing spirality, the angle of inclination of fusiform cells to the stem axis is augmented with time. Frequently, events such as pseudotransverse anticlinal divisions and intrusive growth between radial walls do not explain the relatively large rate of change in the angle. The present analysis of the cambium of Pinus sylvestris L. indicates that the large...
Improved wood production is a major aim for walnut forests and especially for hybrid walnut (Juglans nigraJuglans regia). This paper presents the first report describing the structure and function of a CDKA gene potentially involved in radial growth and wood production in walnut. We report the isolation of the full sequence of a CDKA gene by the use of degenerate primers and RACE approaches. We also...
There is general agreement that in many regions additional precipitation with climate change will not be able to balance the increased evaporation rate induced by higher air temperatures, causing periods of intense drought. Although seedlings of Abies balsamea growing in the boreal forest are known for their resistance to harsh environmental conditions, the impact of water stress on their growth still...
We determined the temporal dynamic of cambial activity and xylem development of stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) throughout the treeline ecotone. Repeated micro-sampling of the developing tree ring was carried out during the growing seasons 2006 and 2007 at the timberline (1,950 m a.s.l.), treeline (2,110 m a.s.l.) and within the krummholz belt (2,180 m a.s.l.) and the influence of climate variables on...
Lianas are one of the most important components of tropical forest, and yet one of the most poorly known organisms. Therefore, our paper addresses questions on the environmental and developmental aspects that influence the growth of lianas of Bignoniaceae, tribe Bignonieae. In order to better understand their growth, we studied the stem anatomy, seasonality of formation and differentiation of secondary...
We studied the effects of artificial soil frost on cambial activity and xylem formation on 47-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees grown on medium fertile site type (with moraine soil) in eastern Finland (62°42′N; 29°45′E). Different soil frost treatments applied were: (1) natural snow accumulation and melting (control, CTRL); (2) artificial removal of snow from soil surface during...
Endogenous levels of cambial region abscisic acid (ABA) were quantified by immunoassay and assessed together with cambial growth activity in poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii Henry, clone Kamabuchi) over the course of a growing season. The level of cambial region ABA increased from spring to late-summer but decreased sharply in autumn. Cambial growth activity, measured as the radial number...
Key messageThe number of days on which a measureable increment occurred, and the average rate of stem growth, rather than the overall duration of the wet season, were the main determinants of ring width in young Callitris intratropica trees. These effects were amplified by competition. Abstract Dendroclimatology of tropical tree species is an important tool for understanding past climatic variability...
Key messageVariability in xylem and phloem phenology among years and species is caused by contrasting temperatures prevailing at the start of the growing season and species-specific sensitivity to drought. Abstract The focus of this study was to determine temporal dynamics of xylem and phloem formation in co-occurring deciduous and evergreen coniferous species in a dry inner Alpine environment...
Key messagePicea abiesrequires warming of both the above- and belowground parts of the tree for full resumption of cambial activity. Abstract Elevation-related decrease in growing season temperatures is a highly important factor in limiting tree growth in cold environments such as alpine treeline ecotones. In this study, we aimed to identify radial...
Key messageThe collapse of some cell types and the simultaneous growth or expansion of others hinder the estimation of the contribution of individual tissues to the variation of bark dimension over time. Abstract Information on the spatio-temporal pattern of secondary changes occurring in older bark, as well as the activity of phellogen and the development of periderm is still relatively scarce...
Key messageA model of wood formation processes in pines predicted 80% of mean wood density variation from inputs of carbohydrate allocation and tree water status from several varied sites. Abstract Numerous factors determine how wood properties vary as a tree grows. In order to model wood formation, a framework that considers the various xylogenetic processes is required. We describe a new...
Key messageApical and lateral growth are seasonal in a Cerrado species, and these events are related to each other and linked with climatic and environmental features. Abstract In the Cerrado, a tropical ecosystem with seasonal rainfall, we investigated the timing of leaf production and cambial activity, and checked whether these features are related...
Key messageA technique whereby whole mounts of delicate tissues of differentiating xylem are imaged directly by polishing and block-face imaging of embedded microcores. Autofluorescence and image analysis aids identifying the stages of xylogenesis. Abstract Stem microcores from fast-growing trees, such as Pinus radiata (D. Don) with wide zones of cambium and differentiating xylem and very wide growth...
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