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From the beginning of the 19ᵗʰ century a significant restoration of the idea of the Christian mission among Protestant Churches can be observed. The visible result of such a revival being the missionary activity undertaken in different countries, also Turkey. The most active organizations included:Church Missionary Society launched on 14ᵗʰ April 1799. Missioners of the C. M. S. mostly worked in the...
Teodor Monod (1902–2000) scientist, explorer, Protestant, worked on improving Christian and Muslim relations by means of his own private contact with Muslims. In doing so he was not interested in combining ideas and practices coming from different sources into one syncretic form. However, being open to searching for – as he put it – the manifestations of God’s Spirit, he was not limited to his own...
The transformations within modern Islam are more and more often compared to the situation prevailing in Christianity during the Reformation. However, it seems necessary to substantiate the comparison of a Muslim to a Puritan. It may be assumed that both a 17ᵗʰ century Puritan and a modern Muslim may have been regarded as people facing modernity. It is the reaction to modernity, although it takes different...
The first Kurdish translations were not addressed to native Kurds, if it had been so, the translators-missionaries should have considered the oral literary tradition among Kurds and done thorough research on Kurdish dialectical differentiation as well as on the crucial culture-rooted words. Unfortunately, the 19ᵗʰ century translations into Kurdish had no impact on the Kurdish language or culture,...
It was after the September 11, 2001 that Islam began to play a role in American Protestant visions of Armageddon. However, the Islam issue appeared in Protestant prophetic theology much earlier. Premilleniarians’ interpretations of the Holy Bible frequently concentrate on Islam and the Muslim world as an important factor of Armageddon.In the United States the Protestant concept of Armageddon was based...
The main issues on which a Christian-Muslim polemic focuses are: the status of the Bible and the figure of Jesus. The main sources to be used by Protestants in their polemic with Muslim clearly are the Bible and the Koran. Book and electronic publications require examination of several subjects: 1) The authenticity of the Bible (i.e. the Torah and Gospel), 2) The divinity of Jesus- the Savior, 3) Islam...
The aim of the paper is to present Rev. Zakariyya Butros. Born 1934 in Egypt, he studied and graduated in history and archeology at the Faculty of Arts of Alexandria University in 1957. Afterwards he started teaching in a public school and after a year was offered to join the Coptic clergy. Having accepted the offer, he was ordained a priest in 1958 and a year later became an archpriest (qummus) in...
The presence of Christian missionaries amongst Muslims has raised numerous controversies from the very beginnings of the missionary movement. The history of missions shows that the missionary idea was far too frequently identified with colonialism as the missionary concept was regarded as superior to other cultures views.Such an attitude towards missions often led to the objectification of other cultures...
In one of the Old Church Slavonic documents, the Life of Constantine, the Apostle to the Slavs, appears an interesting mention about a man who Cyril-Constantine met in the Crimean Chersonesus and who had the Gospels and Psalter written in “rosky” or “rusky” letters. The question, “what did the author of the Life mean writing rosky/rusky,” has been discussed by scholars for many years but there has...
The Legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus, in the Syriac tradition known as Aḥē Dmīḥē or Ṭalyē d-Efesōs, in Arabic as Ahl al-Kahf or Aṣḥāb al-Kahf, is one of many examples of borrowings from the Christian tradition made by the Muslim one and above all by the Koran. In the region where Islam evolved in the beginning, there was a population professing Judaism and Christianity. Judaism was professed...
The first centuries of Christianity are abundant with the names of clergymen and other people from outside of the church hierarchy whose writing recorded in the Syriac language is still attracting the interest of researchers in numerous centres of scholarship all over the world. There is a common consensus that in the course of centuries this body of work played a role of a link between the Mesopotamian-Hellenistic-Arabic...
The article brings some account on events form the 19th century based on the text of Austen Henry Layard Nineveh and its Remains (New York 1854). The book is the result of the studies of Austin Henry Layard who spent some time between November 1845 and April 1847 conducting excavations around the ancient city of Nemrod. His notes concern both the difficulties of the search and excavation and also...
Taking into account the Maronites connections with the West the article rises aquestion: in what areas did the Syriac Christian community constitute a bridge between the East and the West? Although not all critical remarks of Kamāl Ṣalībī (b. 1929) on the Maronite view of history are accepted without reservation, his remark that “the awareness of the historic truth constitutes the ultimate foundation...
The article seeks an answer for several questions, as: Why was Syriac Christianity not an imperial Church? Why did it not enter into a relationship with the authorities? It might be explained by pointing to the political situation of the Syriac Chrstianas community under the reign of the Persian king Chosroes II Parviz.
The problem of issuing the press and publications by one of the constitutionally recognized religious minorities (aqaliyat-e dini) in the Islamic Republic of Iran should involve us in a discussion on some main questions. Firstly, how big the community is; secondly, in which language its books or press are published, and finally, what titles and with what frequency are issued.
For the first modern scholars, the School of Nisibis constituted a primitive form of what they believe to be an early university. For this reason the School became known as a “theological academy” and many people still think that the community at Nisibis should be understood as a school similar to our modern institutions of advanced education, The trouble with this view is its anachronism. It can...
The origin of the Crusader states in the territory of Asia caused an accumulation of new problems concerning co-existence among various groups of people. The groups included peoples from Europe and the Near East: the crusaders called Franks, Catholics and different groups of Oriental Christians, Muslims and Jews. This paper tries to explain how the crusaders and Maronitae could have adjusted to the...
The famous collection of the Odes of Solomon consisted originally of 42 psalms. Unfortunately, their full version has survived in none of the four extant manuscripts, i.e., two Syriac, one Greek and one Coptic. Ode 2 is still missing as well as the beginning of Ode 3 and probably the passages of Ode 1, which is known only in the Coptic version.
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