The article is the first source publication devoted to the Polish education in Argentina in 1900-1980. The author makes use of both the Polish archives (the Records of the Primate of Poland) as well as the Polish sources in Argentina where he works. These records make the article particularly interesting. The article contains: a list of Polish schools, a description of curricula and of the teachers. Cultural and educational aims of the Polish schools are presented on the social background, namely, on the background of the processes of assimilation and integration which the emigrants are influenced by.