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This work aims at defining applications, products and user requirements, as well as the hardware and ground processing design of a companion satellite mission which shall carry aboard a “passive” radar working in tandem with the Argentinian L-band radar developed by CONAE and denoted as SAOCOM. The primary objective (i.e., science driver) of the SAOCOM companion satellite mission (SAOCOM-CS) is forest...
SAOCOM (Satélite Argentino de Observación Con Microondas) is a CONAE L-band SAR mission with a constellation of two LEO spacecrafts in a Sun-synchronous dusk-dawn orbit. SAOCOM-CS is an ESA's receive-only Companion Satellite flying in formation with SAOCOM-1B, which would act as an illuminator. SAOCOM-CS will introduce a new type of SAR missions with simultaneous observations providing polarimetry,...
Due to their weather and illumination independence and due to their large area coverage at high spatial resolution, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images have been recognized as a valuable data source for the mapping and tracking of aufeis flooding events. We modified and utilized the change detection approach of [1], based on wavelet analysis to map aufeis-related flooding on the Sagavanirktok River...
Feature extraction is an important issue for image interpretation, many valuable feature extraction methods have been proposed to address synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image registration. However, the current methods care little about changes over multi-temporal SAR images, which result in unstable output features. The unstable property is a latent factor to affect the accuracy of SAR image registration...
The use of co-polarization (HH or VV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) normalized radar cross section (NRCS) measurements to estimate winds speed has matured to an operational product. However, these wind speed retrievals have only been well validated for wind speeds less than 20 m/s and require some a priori estimated of the wind direction. At higher wind speeds, the radar cross section for co-polarization...
For SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) system, the high resolution (range/azimuth) and wide swath are required constantly. It is challenge to achieve both high azimuth resolution and wide swath imaging for spaceborne SAR system because it poses contradicting requirements for pulse repetition frequency. The technique of the multiple receive apertures and digital beam forming is utilized to overcome the...
Satellite derived synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery frequently contains manifestations of coherent structures (eddies) of different spatial scale. However, due to strong dependence of SAR imaging on the near-surface wind speed during the SAR acquisition, such eddy manifestations can be at great extent masked by the signatures of other, mostly atmospheric, phenomena. In the present paper, we propose...
Vegetation coverage is an important indicator for forecasting geological disasters in mountainous areas such as landslide. However, it is a challenge to extract vegetation coverage in complex terrain from SAR image. A major problem is that the variation of the backscatter coefficient of the same object varies with the local incidence angle. As a result, a large number of discrete points appear in...
Ship detection is a fundamental task for SAR-based maritime surveillance. Besides providing high reliability, a good detector is required to be computationally light, in order to analyze huge areas in a reasonable time. We propose a fully convolutional neural network for ship detection in SAR images. Thanks to a relatively simple architecture, complexity remains low enough to allow for a single-stage...
TanDEM-X forms together with TerraSAR-X the first single-pass polarimetric interferometer in space. This allows for the first time the acquisition and analysis of Single-, Dual-, and Quad-Pol-InSAR data without the disturbing effect of temporal decorrelation globally. For this reason, the exploration of TanDEM-X data for forestry is constantly increasing especially concerning forest height estimation,...
In this paper, we present a method for fusing different frequency synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images for improving the accuracy of land subsidence estimation using differential interferometric SAR (DInSAR) technique. Our study area, Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan, consists of two landfilled islands, and the subsidence velocity of an island is much larger than that of the other one....
The quality of DEMs derived via radargrammetry mainly depends on the similarity of the SAR stereo images, taken under different look angles, in the image matching step. This work presents a novel pre-processing method that allows generating more similar epipolar images which are corrected by the underlying topography thus leading SAR specific distortion corrected stereo pairs. The evaluation w.r.t...
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great potential for remote sensing image classification. As the features obtained from a deep CNN generally exhibit high generalization capacity, the subsequent classifier is normally able to provide good results without the need for careful optimization. However it is well-known that, in the pursuit of high classification results, it is generally difficult...
Data synergy or fusion is a mechanism whereby discrete types of data are used together to achieve a better understanding than was possible with each individually. Spanning over 30% of the Earth's landmass, the global forest plays a role in numerous planetary systems including the carbon cycle. The objective of this study is to couple simulated forest stands with measured datasets from various instruments...
We show that indications of spatial dispersion effects on mineral oil slicks are observed by space-borne multipolarization synthetic aperture radar. This is readily perceived by eye when correlating multipolarization synthetic aperture radar observables with the ship track of the dispersion vessel. We investigate real full-polarimetric (linear transmit/linear receive) as well as simulated and real...
Breaking through the forward-looking limitation of monostatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR), bistatic forward-looking SAR (BFL-SAR) brings much potential in areas such as automatic navigation and landing in bad weather conditions. For many cases of BFL-SAR mounted on maneuvering-platform (MBFL-SAR), neither the flight path is straight nor the topography is flat. Conventional imaging algorithms designed...
This paper makes an analysis of repeat-pass bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry performed with a stationary ground-based receiver and a satellite as transmitter of opportunity. A numerical approach is developed in order to asses the sensitivity of the repeat-pass across-track bistatic interferometric phase to height (relative to the digital elevation model used for focusing) and...
Wideband radar systems operating at L- or P-band encounter an increasing amount of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). If this RFI is not removed from the obtained radar signal, the quality of extracted science data can be decreased significantly. The removal of RFI can be improved with Digital Beamforming (DBF), a technique that is becoming more important in many radar applications. DBF enables to...
Estimating the characteristics of the snow cover is essential for managing hydroelectric dams and forecasting rises in water level in the spring. For the estimation of the Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) at fine scale and to make connections with the hydrology of small watershed, it is necessary to turn towards active microwave sensors like Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). This paper gives an overview...
Recent advancements to the understanding of snow-microwave interaction have helped to identify the considerable potential for radar-based retrieval of terrestrial snow mass. If applied to space-borne platforms, such retrievals could provide much needed improvements to the spatial and temporal availability of snow mass estimates. To further understanding of these interactions in tundra environments,...
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