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The main contribution of this paper is to study the feasibility of an automated approach to the assessment and synthesis of control loops in substations of a district heating and cooling system. The low-level controllers in substation are usually PID-type controllers and can not easily be changed. Moreover, the tuning of these controllers is often done in an ad-hoc manner and remains in the initial...
Utilities need to understand and consider the interconnectedness of their electrical system and its supporting cyber infrastructure to maintain system reliability in the face of cyber adversaries. This paper makes two contributions to modeling cyber-physical dependencies within the electrical power sector. First, the paper defines a Common Format using the Cyber-Physical Topology Language (CPTL) to...
Electrical substation is a crucial component in power grids. A number of international standards, such as IEC 60870 and 61850, have emerged to digitize and automate substations for efficient and timely control. However, owing to insufficient security consideration and implementation, the resulting systems could be vulnerable to cyber attacks. In fact, the digitization and automation of a large number...
Distribution grids include medium and low voltage lines that are involved in the delivery of electricity from substation to end-users/loads. A distribution grid is operated in a radial/tree-like structure, determined by switching on or off lines from an underling loopy graph. Due to the presence of limited real-time measurements, the critical problem of fast estimation of the radial grid structure...
This paper introduces combined data integrity and availability attacks to expand the attack scenarios against power system state estimation. The goal of the adversary, who uses the combined attack, is to perturb the state estimates while remaining hidden from the observer. We propose security metrics that quantify vulnerability of power grids to combined data attacks under single and multi-path routing...
We consider the decentralized control of radial distribution systems with controllable photovoltaic inverters and storage devices. For such systems, we consider the problem of designing controllers that minimize the expected cost of meeting demand, while respecting distribution system and resource constraints. Employing a linear approximation of the branch flow model, we formulate this problem as...
Hot-swappable devices play an important role for achieving high availability and easy maintainability in power grids, especially in substations. However, they also present a potential attack vector for malware to penetrate an otherwise highly closed system. We propose SwapGuard, a software-only solution that effectively guards a power grid system against swapped-in devices infected with malware. Built...
The development of smart grid, electric vehicles (EV), and integration of renewable energy sources (RES) changes the existing power grid. Volt-VAR optimization (VVO) is a well-known problem to reduce the losses along the distribution lines. Current VVO does not endorse the role of elastic and inelastic loads, EVs, and RESs to decrease the reactive losses and hence the cost of generation. We propose...
Electric vehicles (EV) is a promising solution for reducing the environment adverse effect of road transport. In this study, a multi-objective, multi-stage collaborative planning model is proposed for the integrated EV charging stations and power distribution network. The proposed model aims to minimize the investment & operation costs of the distribution system and maximize the annually captured...
The current Smart Grid supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are primarily protected at the perimeter level with firewalls at the boundary of the networks. However, besides the attacks coming from the external Internet, internal attacks are equally concerning. Therefore, systems need to be protected from internal attacks within the perimeter. In Smart Grid, the Field Devices (FDs)...
A hybrid opto-electronic Ethernet network structure for Sample Value service in substation is proposed, which consists of the all-optical edge nodes realizing intra-bay contention-free transmission, multiplexing several wavelength channels and Software Defined Network (SDN) center switch achieving inter-bay signal gathering. Proposed scheme is consistent with the IEC61850 standard. The simulation...
The paper aims at demonstrating the feasibility of an execution platform that is capable of performing protection and control functions from various vendors in a controlled manner. This will reduce vendor dependency enabling utilities to standardize hardware while implementing complex protection schemes from multiple vendors at reduced cost. The paper develops protection system including earth, differential...
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