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We employed the large surface-to-volume ratio of nanoporous gold (NPG) to build a set of highly sensitive superoxide electrochemical biosensors. Once functionalized with cytochrome-c (cyt-c) the NPG-based electrodes displayed a superoxide sensitivity of 0.24 nA nM−1 and a low-level of detection of 5 nM towards superoxide. The planar electrodes were then interfaced with HUVEC cells and were able to...
Most past research studies taking advantage of bio-microfluidics for drug testing focus on two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. In reality, tissue and organs are three-dimensional (3D) structure in our bodies. To approach the biomimetic situation in vitro, this study takes advantage of microfluidic techniques and tissue engineering to build a drug-testing microsystem. Biocompatible porous photo-initiated...
The Pd/SnO2/Al2O3/CuO/Ag/SnO2/Al2O3/CuO/p-Si/Al tandem p-i-n diodes with nanorod structure and addition of silver interconnecting metal layer were studied. The added interconnecting metal layer influences the material characteristics and leads the developed device to have a high relative sensitivity ratio of ∼2185% to 3000 ppm CO2 ambient gas. The response time of 20 sec is also fast. Thus, it has...
Computing systems today are at the dawn of a new period in history: the cognitive era [1]. This transition is driven by the explosive growth in unstructured data enabled by new technology trends such as Social Media, the Internet of Things, and everywhere computing. Computing workloads are correspondingly shifting away from transactional processing and toward unstructured computational problems requiring...
Physiological characteristics of cells are affected by the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Previous research have demonstrated that both biophysical and biochemical properties of ECM can determine cell behaviors such as cell spreading and morphology. Current studies on the biophysical factors have been largely related to the substrate rigidity and nano-roughness, yet how the three-dimensional (3D) micro-curvature...
Self-organization process of cells involves complicated orchestration of various chemical, physical and mechanical cues, and the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, we computationally study the three-dimensional (3D) pattern formation process of vascular mesenchymal cells around the interfaces between hydrogels with different physical and mechanical properties. In this dynamic system,...
In the study of neuronal networks or other cell cultures it is essential to combine information about a single element with the connections developed throughout the whole system. Those data come from different space and time scales, therefore requiring the employment of various techniques to be acquired and combined. Unfortunately, connecting data from more than one experiment is often challenging...
Semiconductor quantum dot (QD) structures are considered as promising building block for spintronic applications with the advantage of prolonged spin relaxation time owing to 0D character of confined carriers or excitons. However, feasible application is haunted by severe spin injection loss from its adjacent barrier layers and its mechanism is still not fully understood. Here, we show that exciton...
The fabrication of a conductive 3D copper micropattern was studied by 3D printing method based on layer-by-layer laser direct writing using a copper nanoparticle ink toward 3D interconnection.
A model of copper and carbon nanotube (CNT) composite filled in through silicon vias (TSV) is developed to determine the electrical behavior of an emerging 3D interconnect technology. The copper/CNT composite is configured in a TSV structure to enhance electrical and mechanical interconnect properties. The TSVs are fabricated in a deep reactive ion etching process that produces tapered sidewalls which...
In this work, we study dynamic characteristic of digital CMOS circuits of 16-nm HKMG bulk FinFET devices by optimizing fabrication windows of inline parameters. Key process parameters are ranked according to integrated circuit quiescent current (IDDQ) and delay of ring oscillators. IDDQ and delay are affected by the dual gate-spacer, the source/drain (S/D) proximity, the S/D depth, and the S/D implant...
This paper presents a new technique of fabricating 3D-printed scaffolds that can utilizes dielectrophoresis (DEP) for cell patterning. The scaffold was first fabricated using a 3D printer with a biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA). The electrical conductivity of the polymeric scaffold was enhanced through sputtering a thin layer of gold. When a voltage was supplied to the scaffold, non-uniform...
This paper reports our recent progresses on silicon growth technology-based micro/nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) needle-electrode array devices, for use in electrophysiological recordings of neurons/cells within the brain.
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