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This paper develops new balanced charge/discharge strategies that distribute charge or discharge currents properly so that during operation battery systems maintain uniform state-of-charge (SOC) all the time. The proposed balanced charge/discharge control strategies are useful for interconnected heterogeneous battery systems that can be built from battery modules with different types, ages, and power/capacity...
The power management strategy in an MVDC based power system of all electric ship (AES) with Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) can greatly affect the energy efficiency of the system. Based on the analysis of power flow, the load characteristics, the power management objectives, constraints and the ease of implementation in MVDC power system, the battery and the super capacitor are considered as the...
Fly-back converter has proved a promising option for effective bidirectional active cell balancing in series connected battery stacks. The stack could be organized as a number of subsets to facilitate an interleaved connection across consecutive subsets at the high-voltage side of transformers so that the voltage rating of components will be reduced accordingly. This structure features expandable...
Battery storage systems (BSSs) have been used to participate in day-ahead scheduling of active distribution network (ADN). BSSs play significant roles in improving the efficiency of distributed generations (DG) utilization and economy of ADN operation. In this paper, a new optimal charging/discharging scheme of BSSs is proposed in ADN with DGs. Both time-of-use (TOU) price and the price difference...
Energy Storage Systems (ESS) can offer a combination of services to transmission and distribution network operators and energy suppliers. In order to do this effectively, the power and energy resources of the energy storage system must be allocated ahead of time, and account for uncertainty in service delivery. This paper presents a method for scheduling these resources, which accounts for the limited...
In this paper, a simulation tool based on the probabilistic three phase Load Flow (PLF) program has been developed by using Monte Carlo techniques. By using this tool, technical and economic impacts of EV integration on the distribution network are assessed. Studies of the potential opportunities of ancillary services provided by EV are also carried out by using this tool. In order to reduce congestion...
Wind energy penetration level may be adversely impacted by frequency deviations as a result of wind power fluctuations. Energy Storage System (ESS) can be a viable candidate for mitigating wind power fluctuations. However, economic considerations for ESS may cause significant limits in implementation. Therefore, effectiveness and optimal size of ESS are important to study. This paper proposes a method...
The electric vehicle (EV), a promising technique to reduce transportation emissions, is one of the most important household appliances for demand response. Under the real-time pricing environment in smart grid, EV owners are faced with the EV charging scheduling problem to minimize electricity cost. Existing works focused on offline solutions or Markov decision processes which require full or statistical...
To fulfill demand response to a grid's control command, electric vehicles (EVs) are usually managed via a virtual power plant (VPP), and how to manage the EVs for optimal response is a key issue. Such a problem is defined as an optimal tracking problem (OTP) in the literature, and an improved OTP model considering network constraints is studied in this paper. In order to circumvent the computational...
Demand Response (DR) seeks to involve end-use customers in modifying their electricity usage and to offer incentive payments to encourage lower electricity use at times of high prices. This paper addresses how smart charging of plug-in electric vehicle can be used to support efficient energy delivery and phase unbalance control in three-phase system, while improve DR by PEV owners' collaboration....
This paper proposes a distribution optimal power flow (D-OPF) model for the operation of microgrids. The proposed model minimizes not only the operating cost, including fuel cost, purchasing cost and demand charge, but also several performance indices, including voltage deviation, network power loss and power factor. It co-optimizes the real and reactive power form distributed generators (DGs) and...
Battery applications are increasing day by day from a single cell to MWh range in electric vehicles, electric traction, PV systems, grid support, etc. Considering energy density and price, correctly apply, size and analyze batteries for these systems remains a major challenge and requires sufficient battery characteristics. Most battery manufacturers provide limited sets of battery charging &...
Concerns about electric vehicle (EV) battery degradation hinders the implementation of Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G) technology. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to quantify EV battery degradation from driving only vs. driving and V2G services, based on a semi-empirical lithium-ion battery degradation model. A detailed EV battery pack thermal model and EV powertrain model are utilized to capture the...
Wind spill occurs due to the non-correlation between load and wind profiles, and also wind power forecast errors. Scheduling energy storage units to reduce wind spillage gets complicated considering the difference between day-ahead wind power forecast range, hour-ahead wind power forecast, and actual wind power. This paper presents an algorithm that optimally schedules energy storage to address both...
Many studies have concentrated on how to optimize the size and placement of Parking Lots (PLs) on a distribution network. Within this context, this study consists of presenting a systematic approach for sizing the PL in terms of number of simultaneously plugged-in vehicles. This approach is original since it takes into account the loads' profile on the bus where the PL is connected (it is valid for...
Microgrids are generally comprised of a number of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) which may be renewable or non-renewable sources. Due to the intermittent nature of wind and solar resources, batteries are commonly used to ensure power quality and reliability. A central Energy Management System (EMS) is necessary to coordinate operation for the most economical utilization of all microgrid resources...
In the application of energy storage for smoothing wind power output, the combination of battery and supercapacitor (SC) is considered as an effective alternative to improve the battery lifetime and enhance the system economy. In this paper, third-order Butterworth low-pass filter and high-pass filter are adopted to smooth the wind power and allocate power between battery and SC. Then, an optimal...
Nowadays, more and more distributed photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) are integrated into distribution networks, which brings a series of challenges to secure, stable, and economic operation of distribution networks. As BESS plays an important role in distribution networks operation, optimizing the operation requires consideration of life-time characteristic and parameter...
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