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While collision avoidance and flight stability are generally a micro air vehicle's (MAVs) highest priority, many map-based path planning algorithms focus on path optimality, often assuming a static, known environment. For many MAV applications a robust navigation solution requires responding quickly to obstacles in dynamic, tight environments with non-negligible disturbances. This article first outlines...
This paper introduces the reasoning and concepts behind a generic and modular approach to obstacle avoidance based on geofencing. The issue of UAV safety is tackled from a practical point of view and a collision avoidance system based on practical usage and safety considerations is presented. Before doing so, the need for a reference model of geographic geometry is discussed, looking at global positioning...
This paper expands upon a proposed freeway-style method of traffic management for commercial sUAS, with the goal of increasing traffic safety and efficiency. Various potential hazards that sUAS may encounter mid-flight will be examined and categorized by severity; their resulting effects on traffic flow will be analyzed when applicable. Potential design improvements will be suggested, and areas for...
In this paper, the system requirements for the integration of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) in controlled airspace regions are discussed. The specificities in terms of Air Traffic Management (ATM) level of service, jurisdiction for deconfliction duties and prevalent traffic characteristics are analysed to support the identification of operational and equipage requirements for RPAS developers...
This paper considers the problem of integrating unmanned aircraft into low altitude airspace above urban environments, including major terminal areas and helicopter landing sites. A simple set of data-driven modelling techniques are used to explore, visualise and assess existing air traffic in a manner more informative to the unmanned aircraft community. First, low altitude air traffic data sets (position...
Given the proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) for military and commercial purposes, there is a fast-approaching need for comprehensive and robust systems which secure the UAS for public safety and assurance of military goals. This paper puts forth a comprehensive system of protecting UASs against hardware and software attacks, at the lowest and highest semantic levels. This approach monitors...
Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) spread rapidly in the last years, both for civil and military applications. The performance of Dangerous, Dull and Dirty missions implies a wide use of the sUAS, in particular to manage hazardous events, such as natural or manmade major incidents or mass casualty situations. The management and control of an emergency are crucial aspects for the rescue teams and...
Safety and reliability are key if unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are to move from research and become an everyday part of our lives. How can safety and reliability be maintained when cost and timeliness are such pressing factors in small UAS development? In this paper, it is shown that with open-source flight control software (provided by the authors), sophisticated testing practices (hardware-in-the-loop)...
As part of the aviation regulations in the Netherlands, third party risk models have been developed and are applied in the determination of risks to the people on ground (third parties) due to aircraft departures and arrivals. In the derivation of these models, accident data are required. Such risk model has yet to be developed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). As foreseen in the future, accidents...
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