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Operation under partial shading condition (PSC) significantly decreases energy extracted from photovoltaic (PV) power plants. Non-uniform insolation caused by the passing clouds and natural obstacles results in some PV modules to be effectively excluded from operation. Commercially used maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms do not have any information about the global behavior of the PV string...
In this paper, a new algorithm is presented for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of solar PV array. This method first forecasts the maximum power point (MPP) by using tangents to the power-voltage curve at two end points of an interval and then iteratively converges to the MPP by evaluating whether the true MPP lies on the left or right side of the estimated MPP. The proposed algorithm has the...
Operating point of a given wind energy conversion system (WECS) changes due to variations in wind velocity and applied load. As a consequence, mode of operation of the dc-dc converter, which implements maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control algorithm, shuttles between continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Moreover, conventional design process of a converter...
Water heating applications consume a considerable portion of electricity demand in most of countries. Small wind turbines are one of attractive alternatives for grid electricity based water heating systems. Wind energy can be converted to heat energy in a high efficient manner. However it is essential that wind turbine based water heating systems should be economical and reliable. Maximum power point...
Vibration energy harvesting is attracting attention as a driving power supply for wireless sensor nodes. Piezoelectric elements are used for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH). Because piezoelectric elements provide AC power, a full bridge rectifier is used to obtain DC power. However, a parasitic capacitor of the piezoelectric elements causes a power loss in conventional PEH circuits. Synchronized...
This paper deals with control of a linear magnetic-geared permanent-magnet machine for Archimedes wave swing based wave power generation using maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Firstly, the linear magnetic-geared permanent-magnet generator structure is presented. The machine modeling is established based on finite element analysis (FEA). Secondly, by analyzing the dynamic model of wave power, the...
Power maximization is of great interest in energy conversion systems including renewable sources and alternators used in automotive systems. This paper presents a multi-surface sliding-mode extremum seeking controller for achieving Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for energy conversion involving a Lundell alternator. The proposed multi-surface sliding scheme results in smooth and fast convergence...
This paper deals with a new ultra-efficient circuit for the individual maximum power point (MPP) tracking of an unlimited number of photovoltaic strings. The circuit generates a DC output voltage and can be combined with common DC-AC solar inverter circuits. The necessary blocking voltages of the transistors are far below the maximum string voltages, which yields to low losses and small passive components...
Grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system significantly contributes to worldwide renewable energy growth and penetration, specifically the integration of PV system into the grid has become an important issue in the last decade because of the huge expansion of new power plants. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an upcoming promising converter technology for medium-/high-voltage applications,...
The performance of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system mainly depends upon the solar radiation level and temperature. The total power generated by the PV array is affected by partial shading conditions and it gets decreased upon shading. In order to extract maximum power under partial shading condition this paper proposes a two-step, maxima of all peak power points (MPPP) algorithm for global maximum...
In this paper, two approaches based on sliding mode control for controlling a single-stage grid-connected three-phase solar photovoltaic system have been presented. The sliding mode control is robust and has good disturbance rejection as compared to the conventional proportional-integral control. Another advantage is that feedback linearization is not required for controlling nonlinear systems. There...
Rapid development of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and DC-powered loads entails the possibility of DC micro-grids to revenge conventional AC distribution networks. In addition, a continuous evolution of the power electronic technology allowing the highest possible power of DER production also makes the DC micro-grids more feasible in the near future. Although energy efficiency and steady state...
Due to variability of solar energy resources, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) is required to ensure continuous operation at the maximum power point (MPP) and maximize the energy harvest. Many standards are developed to ensure the safe and efficient power generation under dynamic weather conditions. This paper presents a high efficiency fixed-step model predictive control (MPC)...
The development of different configurations and topologies implemented in photovoltaic (PV) plants have made possible the increase of efficiency of the system. The traditional configurations of grid-connected PV systems, centralized, string, multi-string and ac-module, have been analyzed and actually most of them are controlled using classic PI control. Furthermore, each of them has different efficiency...
Quasi-Z-source based modular cascaded multilevel converter featuring both the advantages of multilevel converter like modularity, scalability, distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability and the advantages of quasi-Z-source network (qZSN) like high efficiency, no consideration for annoying switching dead-zone, wide dc voltage boosting range etc. is a promising option for high power...
In this paper a grid connected photovoltaic (PV) flyback inverter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is used to test a hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. Moreover, the design procedure of a flyback inverter is also presented as part of this paper. The proposed hybrid MPPT method is a combination of fractional short circuit current(FSCC) and hill climbing (Perturb and...
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