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Ever increasing penetration of wind power generation along with the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs) makes the successive states of the power system interdependent and more stochastic. Appropriate stochastic modeling of wind power is required to deal with the existence of uncertainty either in observations of the data (spatial) or in the characteristics that drive the evolution of the...
Although the installed wind generation capacity has grown remarkably over the past decades, percentage of wind energy in electricity supply portfolio is still relatively low. Due to the technical limitations of power system operations, considerable wind generation cannot integrate into the grid but gets curtailed. Among various factors, transmission congestion accounts for a significant portion of...
This paper studies the feasibility of utilizing the reactive power of grid-connected variable-speed wind generators to enhance the steady-state voltage stability margin of the system. Allowing wind generators to work at maximum reactive power limit may cause the system to operate near the steady-state stability limit, which is undesirable. This necessitates proper coordination of reactive power output...
Due to the uneven geographical distribution between load and wind power, currently it is difficult to integrate the large-scale wind power into the State Grid in China. There are significant wind curtailments for wind farms due to system restrictions. This paper proposes a new way of utilizing wind power, i.e. in-situ consumption, as an alternative to the costly development of long-distance transmission...
We propose a stochastic generation expansion model, where we represent the long-term uncertainty in the availability and variability in the weekly wind pattern with multiple scenarios. Scenario reduction is conducted to select a representative set of scenarios for the long-term wind power uncertainty. We assume that the short-term wind forecast error induces an additional amount of operating reserves...
Aggregation of diverse wind power sources can effectively reduce their uncertainty, and hence the cost of wind energy integration. A risky power contract is proposed, by which wind power producers (WPPs) can trade uncertain future power for efficient wind aggregation. A two-settlement market with both the risky power contract and a conventional firm power contract is shown to have a unique competitive...
The fault ride-through capability (FRTC) of a full rated converter wind turbine relies on the operation and control of the grid-side converter. To enhance the FRTC of the wind power generation system (WPGS), this paper investigates a novel controller for the grid-side converter, based on nonlinear adaptive control (NAC). Lumped perturbation terms are defined in the NAC to include all unknown and time-varying...
The presence of high levels of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) and especially wind power production poses technical and economic challenges to System Operators, which under this fact have to procure more Ancillary Services (AS) through various balancing mechanisms, in order to maintain the generation-consumption balance and to guarantee the security of the grid. Traditionally, these critical services...
Power systems around the world have set ambitious targets for renewable energy integration. Several jurisdictions incentivize renewables such as the Feed-in Tariff in Ontario, Canada. These incentives shall eventually run out and renewables would have to competitively sell energy into electricity markets, overcoming uncertainty and variability in their output. This paper proposes a Wind Generators...
An on-going debate in the energy economics and power market community has raised the question if energyonly power markets are increasingly failing due to growing feed-in shares from subsidized renewable energy sources (RES). The short answer to this is: No, they are not failing. Energy-based power markets are, however, facing several market distortions, namely from the gap between the electricity...
A method for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem including HVDC connected offshore wind farms is presented in this paper. Different factors have been considered in the proposed method namely, voltage source converter (VSC-HVDC) and line-commutated converter high-voltage DC (LCC-HVDC) link constraints, doubly fed induction generators' (DFIGs) capability curve as well as the uncertainties of...
The integration of intermittent generation in power grids, such as wind energy, imposes new challenges for transmission congestion management. In order to solve this problem, energy storage systems (ESS) have been proposed in the literature, as they provide an efficient mechanism for balancing variability while reducing operational costs. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic...
Aluminum production relies on the smelting process which consumes huge electrical energy. One possible solution to reduce the fossil fuel consumption by aluminum production is the integration of wind power. Based on this background, this paper studies an isolated power system for aluminum smelting production with a high penetration of wind power. A dynamic model of the aluminum smelter load (ASL)...
This paper proposes a novel steady-state and transient management scheme for voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) connecting permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based offshore wind power plant (WPP). The proposed control arrangement aims to fully utilize the HVDC converters' normal loading capabilities during steady-state operation. Furthermore, it targets...
This paper presents a model-based control technique to provide the contribution of wind power generators to primary frequency regulation in electric power systems. Models of individual wind power generators and wind farm (WF) as a whole are presented and the proposed control strategy is detailed. It consists of a central controller, a central Kalman filter (KF), and some local KFs, one for each wind...
This paper presents a method to assess the impact on system reliability of wind integration, considering coordinated operation with cascade hydropower. The seasonal characteristics of river flows and correlation amongst different wind farms are considered. Time sequential Monte Carlo simulation and Latin Hypercube Sampling techniques are used to preserve the characteristics of the time series of the...
The use of wind energy sources for supplying electric vehicle (EV) loads is a challenge for electricity market operators due to their inherent uncertainty in the current market architecture. Coordinated energy exchange between EV load aggregators and wind generating companies (WGenCOs) can potentially increase the competitiveness of WGenCOs and EV-load customers in the energy market. This paper proposes...
This paper introduces an exact and efficient method for computing and visualizing the power flow feasibility boundary of large networks composed of (1) saddle-node bifurcation manifolds where the Jacobian is singular and (2) limit-induced bifurcation manifolds where the network loses structural stability as the limit is encountered. This method is applied to the DTE/ITC system in Eastern Michigan...
The major obstacle toward wind farm integration is power mismatch between wind output and grid desirable generation due to wind uncertainty and negative effect on peak load regulation. Storage can be used as assistance to reduce this mismatch. Needed storage capacity for full level of assistance is acceptable only for small-scale wind farm with qualified matching requirement. But when it comes to...
Integrating additional wind energy into the existing power system may cause wind curtailment due to the system operational constraints and reliability requirements. Effective ways to mitigate this problem are to use energy storage or increase transmission capacity. In this paper, the impacts of coordinating with pumped storage and increasing transmission capacity on wind output curtailment mitigation...
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