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This paper describes an analysis on power system breakdown sequences caused by circuit breaker and protective relay failures, and applies this to plan a probabilistic test and maintenance schedule for these periodically tested components. The paper shows that a probabilistic and component importance based test and maintenance scheduling can minimize the system breakdown frequency caused by the component...
The use of distributed generation and demand response programs in smart grids implies management and integration of these resources when they are interconnected with the main power system. In the present paper, it is defined a methodology that can be used by the Virtual Power Player in order to aggregate and schedule the resources. The aggregated producers and consumers are optimally managed, making...
The Dutch Transmission System Operator TenneT TSO B.V. is responsible for the Dutch electricity grids with voltages of 110 kV to 380 kV. The company is required to guarantee the Security of Supply at all times, and must comply with both national and international legislation and agreements. Economic efficiency and market facilitation are prompting an increase in interconnection capacity between European...
The use of demand response programs brings several advantages to the power systems operators, to the consumers, as well as to the proper functioning of the whole electrical power system. The present paper proposes a methodology based on the use of five types of demand response programs (Steps, Quadratic, Constant, Linear and Elasticity). These programs corresponds to distinct approaches to model the...
The inherently intermittent nature of wind power has posed challenges for the increasing integration of this generation source into power systems. A possibility for mitigating this difficulty is the use of large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) such as battery energy storage (BES). ESSs could be used for providing an economic utilization of wind power by displacing the low cost wind energy during...
In view of the challenging policy objectives of security of supply and economic efficiency within the liberalized background of the last decades, European electricity markets have developed different dispatch arrangements to coordinate power systems' balancing operations, namely Central Dispatch or Self-Dispatch arrangements. This paper presents a model for the Integrated Scheduling Process of Central...
The paper presents the DER aggregation solution that was deployed and tested in the frame of the Reflexe demonstrator project. This project brings together a consortium of industrial partners and research laboratories with the objective of examining all aspects of aggregating commercial and industrial flexibility in order to provide energy and ancillary services to the grid through the market. In...
This paper investigates the performance of a smart distribution system comprised of multi-microgrids during emergency conditions. It also proposes a hierarchical scheme for outage management in such a system to enhance the security of supply during contingencies. This goal is achieved through sharing the available generation and storage capacities among different microgrids. In this regard, at first,...
Typically, the charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) can be shifted in time. This flexibility can be used to reduce the cost and/or network impact of charging, and even to provide ancillary services. The focus of this paper is on the use of charging flexibility for cost minimization, either from the perspective of PEVs or from the society's point of view. Charging control approaches can be...
The management of intermittent energy resources by a microgrid operator (MGO) are a key aspect of future smart grids. A microgrid allows act as a single controllable entity and can operate in both grid-connected or in islanded mode. The present paper proposes a platform to be used by MGO regarding the energy resource management in smart grids and considering day-ahead and hour-ahead time-horizons...
This paper presents an approach to dispatch taps of Load Tap Changing (LTC) transformers, switched capacitors and Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging in distribution feeders to minimize feeder daily peak demand, using a nonparametric Bootstrap technique, an alternative to Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS), to account for the PEV charging temporal uncertainties. From an initial sample of independent...
The priority dispatch status of non-synchronous renewable generation (wind, wave, solar), and increasing levels of installed high voltage direct current interconnection between synchronous systems, is fundamentally changing unit commitment and economic dispatch (UCED) schedules. Conventional synchronous plant, the traditional provider of services which ensure frequency stability - synchronising torque,...
This paper presents a multi-stage balancing market under uncertainty with a rolling horizon for European Market Structures. The goal is to settle the real-time power imbalances (i.e., discrepancies between consumption and production) and alleviate congestion by adjusting the generation schedules while respecting the network and generators constraints. The power imbalances are predicted over a defined...
In order to help Distribution System Operators (DSO) effectively manage their distribution networks with a high penetration of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRES), a new generation of tools is needed. These tools should help them manage their networks in a proactive way, be it short-term or long-term. This work proposes a day-ahead scheduling algorithm that takes into account forecasts of...
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