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The Indonesian Islands stretch over almost four time zones along the equatorial belt in between +/− 10* latitude, and its lush vegetation along with its mineral resources are exposed to increasing natural hazards like volcano eruptions, earthquakes and seaquakes with ensuing tsunami, cyclones with devastating floods plus ruthless mineral mining and conversion of natural tropical jungles into oil-palm...
A new inversion algorithm is developed based on an empirical scattering model for retrieving soil moisture and surface roughness of a bare soil surface from a temporal data set of single-polarized measurements of a well-calibrated radar. At first, a surface roughness parameter (surface RMS height) is estimated from a series of temporal radar data (at least two data sets) using its possible distributions,...
Soil moisture and its distribution in space and time plays a key role in many scientific applications like agriculture, hydrology, meteorology or flood and landslide prediction. Measurements over large areas are only feasible by means of airborne or spaceborne systems. The Japanese ALOS/PALSAR was the first and only satellite to operate a polarimetric L-band SAR, thus providing the highest potential...
The potential of L-band PALSAR for monitoring water flow beneath the peat surface is demonstrated on a subarctic peatland in the Wapusk National Park and a boreal peatland in the Athabasca oil sand exploration region (near Fort McMurray, Alberta). Such unique potential permits an enhanced discrimination of poor fen from bogs; two wetland classes that can hardly be discriminated by optic and conventional...
The main objective of this research is to investigate the possible use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to monitor sea ice in the southern region of the Sea of Okhotsk. There are a lot of SAR satellites operating in orbit, and most satellites can observe the ground targets with various observation parameters. We would like to find out the suitable observation parameters for monitoring sea ice...
We detected glacier surge in West Kunlun Shan (WKS) located to the northern-western Tibetan plateau. We used several SAR archive data from 1990s and detected surface velocity field based on offset tracking with parallel flow assumption. We also used Landsat optical image from 1970s to detect terminus position of glaciers. Our results revealed velocity variation and terminus change caused by glacier...
UWB impulse radar is generally used just for short range measurements because of transmitted power restrictions and due to its ultra wide bandwidth. In this paper, we consider the advantage of the coherent integration between pulses. The transmitted energy can be increased by adopting short PRI mode. The S/N ratio of the receiving signal is also able to be improved by the coherent integration. We...
Ultra-wideband pulse radar exhibits high range resolution and excellent capability in penetrating dielectric media. With that, it has great potential as an innovative non-destructive inspection technique for objects such as human body or concrete walls. For suitability in such applications, we have already proposed an accurate permittivity estimation method for a 2-dimensional dielectric object of...
Ultra-wide band pulse radar has a higher range resolution. It is promising as a near field sensor for rescue robots or security systems, where an accurate 3-dimensional measurement impervious to optical environments is indispensable. However, in typical indoor sensing situations, aperture size is severely limited by obstacles such as collapsed furniture. The available radar image is then too narrow...
In Microwave Staring Imaging, radar is located in a stationary platform and imaging the fixed area. It can realize continuous gaze and imaging of a specific area. The spatial-resolution of the traditional staring imaging, ie. the real-aperture imaging is limited by the actual antenna array aperture. A novel high spatial-resolution microwave staring imaging based on the temporal-spatial stochastic...
In the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), we have developed an Xband airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Pi-SAR2. It can produce polarimetric SAR data with 0.3 meter spatial-resolution. The data will be useful to estimate damage, when natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur, and to mitigate it. It needs polarimetirc calibration to...
ASNARO-2 is a small size Japanese earth observation satellite, which carries a newly developed X-band SAR mission system. Although the SAR mission system is light-weight and low cost system, its specification is not far behind from large satellite. It has the high resolution and wide swath. The performance of NESZ (Noise Equivalent Sigma Zero), which is less than the conventional high-spec satellite,...
NovaSAR-S is SSTL's revolutionary small Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite designed for low cost missions. The instrument specification and mission characteristics of the NovaSAR satellite have been designed to provide benefit to a range of applications - the key ones being maritime surveillance (including ship and oil slick detection), forestry, disaster monitoring (particularly flooding) and...
We have started development of small synthetic aperture radar (SAR) compatible to 100kg class small satellites with about 3m ground resolution and multi-polarization, aiming for constellation SAR observations. This paper describes key technologies of this development such as deployable slot array antennas, waveguide feeder with a small gap at a deployment point, and GaN HEMT X band amplifier. Also...
This paper reviews the model-based scattering power decomposition methods of fully polarimetric SAR data. Starting from Freeman & Durden 3-component decomposition, comparison of 4-component decompositions are given in terms of available information included in the coherency matrix. The final general 4-component decomposition method with unitary transformation (G4U) employs 100% polarimetric information.
This paper explores the frequency dependency of polarimetric properties of SAR backscatter from Arctic sea ice. The study focus on L and C-band full polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data from the Beaufort Sea, collected by the NASA/JPL AIRSAR system in December 2004. An area showing various types of first year ice, plus regions of multi-year ice, is selected for a polarimetric analysis, which included a...
This paper presents and discusses the use of a new feature for PolSAR imagery: the Generalized Statistical Complexity. This measure is able to capture the disorder of the data by means of the entropy, as well as its departure from a reference distribution. The latter component is obtained by measuring a stochastic distance between two models: the G0 and the Gamma laws. Preliminary results on the intensity...
The scattered wave polarization anisotropy was shown to be very promising for ship detection using polarimetric C-band Convair 580 SAR [1]. The results obtained with Radarsat-2 (RS2) wide fine quad-pol mode (FQWS) are in agreement with the ones previously obtained with the Convair-580 SAR. The use of fully polarimetric RS2 information permits a significant improvement of the shipsea contrast in comparison...
This research aims to analyze tropical forest loss between 2007–2030 using L-band SAR data and a spatial explicit model with multiple what-if scenarios. Annual time series PALSAR data from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed for forest mapping and detecting land cover changes in Riau Province of Central Sumatra, Indonesia. A spatial model was calibrated and validated using the Markov Chain, Bayesian, and fuzzy...
This paper shows the challenges in analyzing the growing stages (i.e. tree age) of the forests in Oita Prefecture, Japan, by using the L-band ALOS PALSAR remote sensing data. A polynomial model was applied to estimate the stem volume information of the forests and the volume information was then inverted to the tree age information using the forest inventory table provided by the Oita Prefectural...
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