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The electronics industry is a dynamic sector in which the manufacturing process undergoes continual innovation. With the lifecycle of some products measured in months rather than years, new equipment, chemicals and processes are being introduced to the manufacturing and development fabricators on an ongoing basis, as are new product designs, which are themselves platforms for changing software and...
It was our goal to study the evolution of personal computer lifespan and to identify methods by which this aspect of technological progress could be quantified and integrated into life cycle assessments and other environmental assessment studies. This approach was operationalized through a case study of computer adoption and life cycle parameters in a major U.S. university, Arizona State University...
MBA Polymers is the leader in the world at recycling plastics from end-of-life durable goods such as electronics, large and small appliances, IT/office equipment and automobiles. MBA, which literally started in a garage in CA, invested over $50 million from 1993 to 2005 inventing, developing and demonstrating its state-of-the-art automated technology to recover plastics from extremely complex mixed...
Along with the rapidly increasing number of personal computers, the energy consumption associated with a computer has attracted increasing attention. However, different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of computers report qualitatively different results. This analysis estimates the energy needed to manufacture a laptop computer using hybrid LCA. Reasons for focusing specifically on laptop computers...
TREPREG materials (PM) which are reclaimed from waste printed circuit boards industry was used to produce polymeric composites by an extrusion and injection process through adding polypropylene (PP) as a bonding agent. The results show that the increments of tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the PP composites are greatly achieved than unfilled PP. The maximum...
South Korea is a newly industrialized country where reliable energy consumption data are available back to the early 1960s. In this research, to understand the energy consumption and CO2 emission flows from industrial sectors, energy input-output analysis and network approach were used. For energy input output analysis, ordinary trade table for energy sector and energy trade for non energy sector...
There are more than 8 million private swimming pools in the U.S.. Though known to be prodigious consumers of water and energy, apparently there has been no systematic analysis of their environmental impact to date. Additional impacts arise from pool chemical use and pool construction. Phoenix, Arizona, has one of the highest concentrations of pools in the country. This is despite large evaporative...
Green chemistry is a systematic scientific and engineering approach that seeks to reduce the use of hazardous chemicals and the generation of toxic wastes by changing how society designs, manufactures, and uses chemicals in processes and products. Rather than managing wastes after end-of-product life, green chemistry shifts our focus to designing chemicals, processes, and goods that have less or no...
The looming challenges of global warming and peak oil have begun to spur the development of alternatives to our current petroleum based transportation system. However, before these alternatives are implemented on a significant scale, it is important to assess these technologies with a broad lens and ensure that they will not introduce more problems than they will solve. In this study, a life cycle...
In this paper, we propose a methodology for real-time characterization of the operational state of a subsystem, device or process in an ecosystem, with the goal of improving its sustainability. The objective is to re-describe the operational state, identified by a set of relevant sensor measurements and other parameters, in terms of known operational patterns. Each pattern is also associated with...
Increasing and expanding electrification has further stimulated debate on the comparative benefits of overhead (OH) versus underground (UG) power distribution. This analysis investigates the distinction in the potential environmental burdens between the full life cycles of OH and UG primary power distribution systems including their installation, maintenance, and decommissioning. The results will...
As the miniaturization trend continues in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, atomic layer deposition has received much attention in recent years due to its ability to obtain atomic layer control of film growth. The present paper analyses the sustainability of the atomic layer deposition processes, focusing on materials flow analysis and energy flow analysis.
International trade is recognized as a mechanism to optimally allocate resources including capital, labor, and materials at the global scale. Recently there has been increasing interest in the embodied environmental impacts of international trade, especially in emissions embodied in trade. Focusing on the environmental side, it is standard to ignore the environmental overhead of the labor (EOL), environmental...
Assessing tradeoffs between nanomanufacturing production, cost, and safety concerns is both difficult and important given the significant uncertainty that exists about exposure effects. A variety of risk assessment models can be developed within this context (used separately and together) to help decision-makers with the difficult task of identifying appropriate or optimal process design, equipment...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate great promise in a variety of applications such as structural polymers, super capacitors, batteries, sensors, and shielding. This is due to their unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Despite the desirable qualities commercially and in industry, little information exists on the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) effects of CNTs. Given the EHS...
Due to their unique electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable interest for use in a number of applications such as lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and conductive wiring. However, the energy required to synthesize and purify SWCNTs in the manufacturing phase must be considered in order to fully realize the benefits in the use...
Buildings account for 30-40% of the world's energy use. In the United States, buildings annually use 70% of the nation's electricity and emit about 40% of the country's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Innovative building products are emerging that have the potential to reduce environmental impacts and contribute towards sustainable development. Insulating concrete forms (ICF) is an innovative building...
This study aims to investigate the new strategy implement by charactering current urban industrial metabolism and identify the impacts of the mentioned strategy after 4-year implement, as well as give some policy suggestion. Suzhou city, as a major manufacturing center with per capital GDP over 10000 USD was chosen as our case, there were 2 National Circular Economy Pilot Units (Industrial parks)...
Biobased production of fuels from renewable resources has gained high research and development priority due to issues of national security regarding US fossil fuel consumption and concerns about the environmental impacts of burgeoning greenhouse gases. Currently, most ethanol production in the US uses corn as the feedstock. However, corn production significantly contributes to water quality degradation,...
The ecologically based life cycle assessment (Eco- LCA) tool has been developed to aid for quick implementation of the Eco-LCA methodology. Eco-LCA is a methodology which accounts for the ecosystems goods and services consumption in LCA of economic goods and products. Identification of the current trend of declining ecosystem services by the millennium ecosystem assessment (MEA) has emphasized the...
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