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Green chemistry is a systematic scientific and engineering approach that seeks to reduce the use of hazardous chemicals and the generation of toxic wastes by changing how society designs, manufactures, and uses chemicals in processes and products. Rather than managing wastes after end-of-product life, green chemistry shifts our focus to designing chemicals, processes, and goods that have less or no...
As the miniaturization trend continues in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, atomic layer deposition has received much attention in recent years due to its ability to obtain atomic layer control of film growth. The present paper analyses the sustainability of the atomic layer deposition processes, focusing on materials flow analysis and energy flow analysis.
To ensure that future engineers are armed with the necessary skills and knowledge to design environmentally conscious products, a multi-faceted approach has been implemented to incorporate green engineering principles into the university curriculum. Among the various facets, which range from introductory freshman courses to graduate courses, this paper focuses on efforts to introduce green design...
The scarcity of ore and environmental intensity of copper production creates a strong incentive to explore alternative materials for conducting electricity. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) rely on plentiful feedstock materials (i.e., graphite) and exhibit high theoretical conductivity on a per mass basis. However, bulk conductivities measured at the laboratory scale indicate further improvements...
Plastics are used in numerous electrical and electronic products that help make our lives easier and more productive. Plastics provide a balance of performance characteristics that no other class of materials can match. They play an integral part in weight reduction and part miniaturization. Many different types of additives are used in plastics to improve property performance, aid in processing,...
Understanding the total life cycle CO2 impacts of different types of products and operations has been a subject of significant interest recently. Total life cycle impacts include not just the CO2 generated from the manufacture of a product, but also from the product's use and from the manufacture of all the inputs that go into creating the product. In theory, understanding this total impact can help...
In this paper we address the problem of taking the general notion of sustainability as reported in the Brundtland Report and later in Arrow et al approach and interpreting it from a thermodynamics point of view, with a goal of developing operational principles of sustainability in terms of physical principles that complement economic views.
A schematic method to characterize the human health impact of toxic chemicals is presented. This schematic method uses a streamlined three-tiered hierarchy process which includes intake, toxicity and persistence of a chemical release for its impact characterization. The human health impact of a chemical is represented by its position in a two-dimensional characterization plot, which enables the benchmarking...
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