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The following topics were dealt with: power generation; equipment design; power system architecture; remote power feeding; decentralized power; grounding equipments; bonding equipments; VRLA; power storage; fuel cells; DC-DC converter control; inverter topology; UPS; photovoltaic energy; wind energy; power management; and power standards
This paper examines the array of challenges currently faced by the telecom industry, including circuit to packet network migration, voice over IP (VoIP) telephony, and reliance on the Internet for worldwide commerce, that have led up to an increased reliance on high-quality extended backup power. It assesses traditional backup solutions in the context of the history of the telecom industry and compares...
We have studied the characteristics of a shared distribution fuel cells system which is shared by a community center and many houses surrounding it. The system was confirmed to be effective. The utilization factor of the fuel cells was improved by about 20%, decreasing the generation cost of fuel cells and the environmental burden
Most of UPS-systems use batteries as back-up energy source. Usually here we find lead-acid batteries or NiCd batteries when its a high ambient temperature. If longer back-up times are required an additional diesel generator will provide the energy. This paper presents the results of some tests, where a fuel cell system generates the back-up energy on a 48 V level
The DC power supply systems of telecom applications for broadband and Internet access have increasing energy demands. However, in many cases the available space for the installation is already used to its maximum. A lithium ion battery can be the solution because of the higher energy density of about 150 Wh/kg and 380 Wh/l, good discharging performance and an operating range from -30degC to 60degC...
Mobile terminals and communicating computers have generalized with lots of optimisation in their design and power. It seems that today appears a gap between the best known batteries and the still increasing power requirement of broadband multimedia terminal for a given mass and volume. This paper presents the probable energy requirements targets and lots of ongoing researches on power consumption,...
Advances in low power design open the possibility to harvest energy from the environment to power electronic circuits. A piezoelectric element is capable of transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. Several methods are possible to efficiently store the generated electrical energy. Direct discharge method is here analyzed for a realistic piezoelectric current source waveform when the mechanical...
Power conversion efficiency has been the standard means of comparing the performance of the power converter as it provides a simple and direct way to evaluate a given converter's performance while evaluating the heat sinking and cooling requirements at the same time. The efficiency tool works very well when we have established standard input and output voltages that are more or less fixed in value...
In this paper, an AC-DC-AC three-phase transmission system that employs two six-switch inverters is studied. The inverters are connected by an inductive DC link, and are controlled in order to ensure a high power factor at the source side, a regulated voltage at the DC side and low-distorted currents at the load side. The inverters are modeled in the average regime in order to design suitable regulators...
Conventional mechanical circuit breakers protect AC and DC circuits from overload and short circuit conditions, and also meet the required physical isolation criteria after contact separation. They are limited in life because of mechanical degradation. Existing ESS's are hybrid devices that combine the advantages of mechanical circuit breakers that offer lower contact resistance and power loss with...
This paper describes the application of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells in planar antenna structures. The radiating patch element of a planar antenna is replaced by a solar cell. Furthermore radiating slots are built due to the cell spacing in a solar cell array. The original feature of a solar cell (DC current generation) remains, but additionally the solar cell is now able to receive and transmit...
In most wire communication systems, the communication lines are also utilized as the power lines. In that case, the powered terminals need to separate AC signals and DC supply power. Moreover, the input impedance looking into each terminal from the communication lines should be high because a lot of terminals are connected. Well-known AC/DC separator is constructed by inductors and capacitors. When...
TIM is the most international Company of the Telecom Italia Group and is the first mobile telecommunication operator in Europe for number of subscribers and leader in the domestic market. TIM has in the innovation its strength point. In a market characterized by a competitive context and by a fast technological evolution, the attention of the management is concentrated in the development of the innovation...
Current telecommunication infrastructure needs a large number of small and decentralised installations like e.g. remote digital line units (RDLU) in wire-line networks or base transceiver stations (BTS) in mobile networks. Selected in respect to minimum infrastructural costs, especially power system components often lack supervision functionality that allows optimizing long-term reliability or serviceability...
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