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The development and manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries have matured to the point that large form factor batteries are available for applications in the telecommunications industry. These batteries offer the advantage of much high energy density than lead acid battery, both in terms of weight and volume. They do not emit hydrogen gas and have a low steady state float current that is independent...
Based on 14 years experience with batteries in both MSC (mobile switching centre) and BTS (base transceiver stations), Vodafone D2 Germany is looking for alternatives to VRLA batteries especially in outdoor cabinets, to answer their changing requirements in terms of life and reliability, operational needs, impact on OpEx and CapEx, and environmental compatibility. The major challenges inside outdoor...
DeTelmmobilien (former Deutsche Bundespost) has established their own approval procedures for batteries. The regular testing of valve regulated lead acid batteries started in the year 1987. Tests, simulating the special need in the field of telecommunication power supply, have been invented. E.g. there are rectifiers in the field with and without boost charge characteristics. Therefore tests have...
This paper presents an independent control for multiple parallel-connected uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) system, in which it only requires current sensors. With the calculation of the active and reactive currents, the controllers provide suitable values of the phase angle and amplitude variation of the output voltage reference signal to meet the load demand. A consistent choice of the control...
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