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This paper presents an analysis of different methodologies for modelling pharmacokinetic systems under the context of a telemedicine system oriented to the on-line and personalized knowledge generation. We use a simplified 3-pool kinetic system for a better clarification of several relevant modelling formalisms. A more complete 3-pool urea kinetic model is built simply connecting EL components pertaining...
The maintenance of adequate anesthesia is very important for animal studies. This goal could be achieved if the pharmacokinetics of the anesthetic is known and a well-controlled instrument system is used. To this end, a graphic control system is developed to study the effects of sodium pentobarbital on anesthesia. Hemodynamic signals such as mean blood pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate were analyzed...
In this paper, we present three different compartmental models to model the pharmacokinetics of Indocyanine green (ICG) in cancerous tumors. We introduce a systematic and robust method to analyze ICG pharmacokinetics based on extended Kalman filtering (EKF) framework. We introduced information theoretic criteria for best compartmental model selection in terms of statistical fit. We tested our approach...
In terms of the characteristic of anesthetic operation, this paper propose new physiologically based pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics (PBPK/PD) model that focus on the important role of autonomic nervous system (ANS) more. Automatic nervous system that is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, at the same time, is the important target of drug effect in...
A novel advisory system, the Anesthesia Advisory Display (AAD) has been recently developed. It displays information about actual and future predictions of anesthetic drug concentrations mapped to clinical end-points such as BIS, basing on the actual infusion rate combined with population pharmacokinetic and interaction pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models. According to the large variability observed among...
We tested the effects of some kinds of time-varying magnetic fields (0-1.2T) on neurotransmitter-induced transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) of cultured chromaffin and HeLa cells. After these cells were exposed for 2 hours to these magnetic fields, transient increases in [Ca2+]i by addition of acetylcholine or histamine were measured. In control cells, after addition of...
When conjugated to CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals (quantum dots), the nucleobase adenine and the neurotransmitter dopamine quench fluorescence emission from in a manner strongly dependent upon the size of the quantum dot. The degree of quenching serves to predict the efficiency with which the conjugates are able to enter living cells. Along with quenching, the presence of specific receptors on the cells is...
We evaluated three non-invasive method, thermography, laser Doppler imaging and near infrared multi-spectral imaging to quantitatively assess parameters of vascularity in Kaposi's sarcoma. The KS lesion generally has increased temperature, blood velocity and blood deoxy-hemoglobin. There is a strong correlation between temperature and blood velocity (R= 81, p<0.001). After treatment with experimental...
Viral envelopes can be used as an effective vehicle to deliver imaging tracers as well as therapeutic drugs and genes. However, the current methods for in vivo tracking of viral envelopes are limited. This purpose of this study is to investigate dynamically the in vivo biodistribution of viral envelopes using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope...
This paper presents a method to estimate accurately the parameters involved in the HIV-I infection. An application to the evaluation of the drugs effectiveness and therapeutical failures is presented
Power spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate (HR) variability is a popular and convenient technique for quantifying cardiac autonomic nervous function. While this technique can provide an effective index of parasympathetic nervous function, it cannot provide a pure index of beta-sympathetic nervous function. We have developed a non-invasive technique for selectively quantifying cardiac sympathetic...
The risk for cardiovascular disease is significantly high in diabetes mellitus. Experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor and selective alpha1-adrenoceptor blocker, also has antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study the effect of carvedilol on the antioxidative...
Nowadays, more and more studies have focused on the physiological and pathological effect of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we directly measured extracellular NO levels in the hippocampus of rats using NO probe. Simultaneously, the artery blood pressure was recorded. It was found that after the administration of Nomega- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the NO signal came down and the artery...
Here, we described the fabrication using photolithography of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel microstructures encapsulating viable mammalian cells on glass and silicon substrates. Substrates were treated with 3-(trichlorosilyl)propyl methacrylate to form pendant acrylate group to covalent link the hydrogel microstructure. Cells were encapsulated in arrays of cylindrical hydrogel microstructures...
To produce and evaluate sustained microcapsules of insulin made by a novel encapsulation process. The insulin was encapsulated into microcapsules of poly(D,L-lactide co-glycolide) (PLGA) by the high voltage field method. The preparation process was cryogenic, non-aqueous, and did not utilize emulsification. When the ratio of insulin/PLGA was 1:9, the median particle size of insulin microcapsules was...
To study possibility for iodinated oil nanometer ferrofluid retention in rabbit liver. 131I-iodinated oil nanometer ferrofluid were injected into liver right lobe through portal vein in 5 rabbits. gamma-calibrate meter showed continuous gamma counts in the region injected. Then the relative metabolic parameters were calculated. Left lobe livers, right lobe livers and lungs of the rabbits were examined...
The objective of this study was to determine whether the mitochondrial permeability transition pore plays a role in cardioprotection induced by tanshinone IIA. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischemia by ligation of the left anterior descending artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was achieved by two 5-min periods of global ischemia separated...
Drugs are routinely combined in anesthesia and pain management to obtain an enhancement of the desired effects. However, a parallel enhancement of the undesired effects might take place as well, resulting in a limited therapeutic usefulness. Therefore, when addressing the question of optimal drug combinations, side effects must be taken into account. We propose a new method to study drug interactions...
Recently, a model for drug interactions considering also side effects has been proposed. According to this model, the effect compartment concentration range maximizing the global well-being of the patient can be identified. This optimal range represents the set which should be targeted by drug infusion. In this work, we apply this novel model to the clinically relevant combination of intravenous morphine...
The aim of this work was to develop a HIV-1 control strategy based on the nonlinear geometric control theory. Such a strategy was applied on a three variables deterministic model that describes the characteristic stages of the HIV-1 infection. The control design developed in this work allows the exact linearisation of the model. The results show that the nonlinear control developed is effective to...
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