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In forthcoming quantum networks various quantum systems might be involved to accomplish individual tasks, including storage of quantum states, quantum logic operations, error correction, or entanglement distillation. An interface between a single photon emitter and a potential photon storage could provide one fundamental building block of such a hybrid quantum system.
Quantum interference forces two indistinguishable input photons to depart a beamsplitter in the same (of two possible) spatial output modes; this is known as the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect. It provides a quantitative way of measuring the distinguishability between two photons and also has been utilised to determine their relative temporal delays [1, 2]. HOM interferometry offers numerous advantages...
It is commonly understood that, to cast light into a state with sub-Poissonian statistics, a strong optical nonlinearity is needed. The most common examples are resonance fluorescence of a two-level system, or a Kerr medium where the Kerr energy per photon U is much larger than the optical linewidth κ. In both cases, a single-photon nonlinearity is realized, whereby the presence of a single photon...
Slow light has been explored for building quantum networks, with particular interest in slowing the group velocity of single photons [1], and more recently exploited to enhance the measurement of small phase shifts. Generally, slow-light effects have been characterized as the net effect of a pulse propagating through the slow-light medium, i.e., as a pulse delay time Δt measured with a fast photodiode...
The rapid development of quantum information technology requires the ability to reliably create and distribute single photons [1]. Photon-pair production through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SpFWM) allows heralded single photons to be generated at communication wavelengths and in fiber, compatible with conventional communication systems, with small losses. Creating single photons in desired quantum...
Quantum-electrodynamics (QED) theory has been tested with high accuracy [1]. However, QED tests in atomic hydrogen are currently limited by the experimentally determined value of the proton charge radius. Therefore spectroscopic measurements were conducted with muonic-atoms (μH and μD) to determine the proton and the deuteron charge radii with an order of magnitude higher accuracy. However, these...
Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF) opened new perspectives towards multi-octave comb generation and waveform synthesis using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) generation in gases introduced in its core [1, 2]. In the transient regime of SRS [3], a short pump pulse combined to a high gain can amplify a few spatial-temporal modes (STM) from the quantum noise. It is even possible to have only...
Attosecond-streaking spectroscopy [1], has given real-time access to photoionization delays of atoms in the gas phase [2], and the additional effects of electron transport processes through atomic layers and interfaces of solid-state systems [3, 4]. Here, we report on the first attosecond-streaking experiments on liquid samples. We have realized attosecond-streaking photoelectron spectroscopy on water...
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a powerful spectroscopic technique for the study of energy and charge flow in biological systems, which has been successfully applied in the visible and infrared ranges. Its extension to the UV range (2DUV) is extremely promising for the study of biomolecules but poses several technical challenges: (i) the requirement of phase-locked pulse pairs; (ii)...
Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy [1] is a powerful technique to measure spectra in the time domain. With respect to frequency-domain spectrometers, FT spectrometers have the advantage of higher signal to noise ratio and optical throughput, and the possibility to adjust the frequency resolution. FT spectroscopy requires to generate two field replicas whose delay must be scanned with accuracy of...
In this paper, we propose to exploit the large and electrically controllable birefringence of nematic liquid crystals for precise control of the group and phase delays of femtosecond pulses. To that purpose, liquid crystals intrinsically present very interesting optical features: a much higher birefringence than crystals, together with the ability to change their optical properties through molecular...
Among non-linear optical processes, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) can be exploited for the generation of tunable light pulses in several spectral regions. Usually this process is driven in bulk materials [1], which are prone to optical damage at high pump laser intensities. Here we report on the implementation of a FWM experiment based on a two-colour ultrafast field interaction inside a gas-filled Hollow...
Quantum memories for light are important resources as quantum interfaces between light and matter in future quantum information networks. In particular, solid state optical memories based on rare earth ion doped (REID) crystals are of great interest due to their unique physical properties. They provide large number of atoms naturally trapped in a solid with narrow optical and spin transitions. They...
Hybrid quantum systems are based on the capability to interface elements from complementary fields: only the best properties from all components are utilized, overcoming the limitation of each field. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are well established as sources of bright, pure and highly indistinguishable on-demand single photons. A crucial limitation is given by the relatively short coherence...
Pulsed light sources are of interest for a range of applications, as well as from a dynamical systems perspective. For applications, such as optical data communication, it is important that the pulse trains that are produced are highly regular. This is a hurdle when using passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers, because pulse trains from these devices tend to have a considerable timing jitter....
The absorption of a single XUV photon by a complex molecule such as a PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) can induce diverse mechanisms that can take place in a broad variety of timescales starting from the attosecond one [1], Nowadays the development of the high harmonic generation (HHG) technology allows synthesizing light pulses in the VUV-XUV spectral range, with duration down to a few tens...
In this paper, we develop a high-energy three-channel parallel waveform synthesizer using a CEP-stabilized high energy Ti:sapphire laser [1] operating at 10 Hz, and demonstrate high-flux continuum harmonics from Ar gas target. Our three-channel waveform synthesizer consists of a Ti:sapphire laser pulse (44 mJ, 28 fs) and an infrared OPA (signal: 6 mJ, 33 fs, idler: 3 mJ, 40 fs). By combining the waveform...
Coherent frequency conversion processes for frequency combs (FCs) are intensively studied as they inter alia enable the use of FCs for precision spectroscopy in the important mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region not covered by laser gain media. Difference frequency generation (DFG) is one promising approach for a simple and robust scheme to generate phase-stable MIR FCs. When used in a spectroscopy...
High-energy, few-cycle THz pulse generation by high-intensity (∼1018 W/cm2) femtosecond laser with plasma mirrors have received significant attention in recent years [1-3]. This novel THz source has the potential of generating large bandwidth millijoule pulse energies, opening up applications in THz nonlinear optics, single-shot imaging and spectroscopy [4]. Solid density plasma shaping has already...
High-peak-field, narrowband terahertz (THz) sources are well suited for compact electron acceleration [1], however, these sources are still under development and yet to reach optimal energies. A high conversion efficiency via difference frequency generation is established by quasi-phase matching in periodically poled lithium niobáte (PPLN). Moreover, to achieve the required mJ-level THz pulses high...
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