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High-frequency (HF) ground wave radar's over-the-horizon property can effectively overcome the restraints posed by the curvature of the earth. HF radar transmits low-power radar waves and its detection distance is up to several hundred kilometers. However, radar in HF bands may be easily contaminated by noise, which has temporal and spatial variability, and ionospheric interference, limiting system...
Phased array HF radars are widely used for mapping surface currents and wind directions at high resolution in time and space. The beam is formed using simple physical optics principles that produce sidelobes. Several authors have alluded to errors produced in the measurements by sea echo energy in the sidelobes. Here we simulate the effect of sidelobes in surface current and wind direction measurements,...
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