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Iran's economy has always been under severe sanctions. These sanctions were almost tolerable for Iran since they did not affect Iran's oil industry which is the main source of foreign currency for the country. The recent sanctions on Iran's oil-dependent economy starting from 2012, put a lot of pressure on the country and the overall country experienced very volatile conditions. As the result, the...
Photovoltaic module performance is defined at standard test conditions, which includes a defined spectral irradiance distribution. However, environmental conditions in the field often differ from the standard spectrum; this change in spectrum is known as spectral shift or spectral mismatch. This paper discusses the impact of spectral shift on various PV technologies and presents models that have been...
In the past few years energy management became increasing important. Not only the trend toward clean energy sources triggered a process of rethinking in the minds of society but also pushed the politics to create incentives for companies in order to make them reduce their carbon footprint. Efficient use of resources has become a fundamental part of present-day economic, social and political decision...
An overview of solar energy technology is discussed briefly. To increase the energy efficiency of a solar array, maximum power output is desired. There are three major approaches for maximizing power extraction from a solar array. They are sun tracking, maximum power point (MPP) tracking or a combination of both. The sun-tracking design can increase energy yield up to 50% over the year compared to...
Accurate prediction of a buildings electricity load is crucial to respond to Demand Response events with an assessable load change. However, previous work on load prediction lacks to consider a wider set of possible data sources. In this paper we study different data scenarios to map the influence of the different data parameters. We also look at the temporal aspect of predicting by looking at the...
Microgrids are proving themselves viable to address the need for more reliable renewable power systems. They can improve the resilience of the overall system in case of abnormal conditions. The city of Spokane in Washington, is considering establishing a microgrid using existing transmission and distribution infrastructure. This microgrid will be supplied solely from the existing hydroelectric generators...
In this paper, a smart grid testbed for electric power distribution system is presented. The hardware system is developed and integrated with appropriate software to monitor various parameters for all connected loads and sources interconnected through communication networks. The real time capability of the system would provide operation and analysis with flexibility and accuracy in all investigations...
According to current research, approximately one-third of the world's population is clinically anaemic. Timely screening and treatment can restore personal health and raise health standards nationally and internationally. This study describes the development and testing of non-invasive haemoglobin detection device, designed by Tech4Life Enterprises. The core concept behind the development of the device...
This paper presents a demand response model for a hypothetical microgrid that integrates renewable resources and plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging systems. It is assumed that the microgrid has black start capability and that external generation is available for purchase while grid connected to satisfy additional demand. The microgrid is developed such that in addition to renewable, non-dispatchable...
Over the years, many research projects have been performed and focused on finding out the effective ways to balance the power demands and supply on the utility grid. The causes of the imbalance could be the increasing demands from the end users, the loss of power generation (generators down), faults on the transmission lines, power tripped due to overload, and weather conditions, etc. An efficient...
In this paper, the modeling of a Phasor Measurement based Wide Area Monitoring and Control System was developed and presented. The proposed system emphasizes the need for monitoring and control of transmission lines connected to Distributed Energy Resources. In this work, the modeling for a complete scenario of a Discrete Fourier Transform based Synchronized Phasor Measurement Unit is presented. The...
We present a novel smart grid concept called Open Access Smart Grids (OASIS). In OASIS, we are developing an integrated framework that models the smart grid as a collection of interdependent electric and cloud services. These services can be dynamically combined and/or purchased, much like in a cloud computing platform, to establish service dependencies between energy producers and consumers. Moreover,...
this paper assesses some of the worldwide regulations and standards similar to, or referred to as Restriction on the use of Hazardous Substances, or RoHS. An overview of RoHS, its history, evolution and worldwide expansion is given. Many jurisdictions outside of the European Union (EU) have similar regulations as the EU RoHS Directive. In 2016, there are over 70 jurisdictions, including countries,...
The prevalence of distributed energy resources (DER) presents challenges to traditional utility metering schema. Energy consumption and demand are valuable data when planning the size and growth of electrical systems from a reliability perspective. Some utilities meter the output of the DER inverters, in order to provide generation data to the customer and adequately plan for reliability. A DER solution...
Power satellites may offer a reasonable cost solution to the carbon dioxide build up in the atmosphere linked to global warming. Cost, both for the power and for the startup are major considerations. Cost of power must undercut coal in third world countries to meet the goal of displacing fossil fuel. This leads to a required 100 to one transport cost reduction. We examine methods to reduce the cost...
The Energy Star standard is useful for comparing dryer models but gives much less information about performance once installed in a residence. All energy efficiency (EE) efforts need to consider the impact on the drying process and the textiles being dried. The length and efficacy of the drying process is affected by the temperature and humidity of the dryer's environment.
In this work we compared three heat transfer fluids (HTFs) for parabolic trough solar collectors (PTCs), namely, Syltherm 800, Therminol VP-1, and Dowtherm Q. For the assessment, we adopted and simplified a previously developed mathematical model of a parabolic trough solar receiver comprising an outer cover, annular space, abosrber, and heat transfer fluid, and discretized the governing equations...
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