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Energy Storage Systems (ESS) can offer a combination of services to transmission and distribution network operators and energy suppliers. In order to do this effectively, the power and energy resources of the energy storage system must be allocated ahead of time, and account for uncertainty in service delivery. This paper presents a method for scheduling these resources, which accounts for the limited...
The question of how energy storage can be used efficiently and effectively in distribution networks is open and ongoing. This work explores optimal allocation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in distribution networks to maximize their support in integrating high penetration solar photovoltaics (PV). A genetic algorithm (GA)-based multi-layer multi-objective optimization model is developed...
In order to achieve carbon emission abatement, some researchers and policy makers have cast their focus on demand side carbon abatement potentials. This paper addresses the problem of carbon flow calculation in power systems and carbon obligation allocation at demand side. A directed graph based method for tracing carbon flow is proposed. In a lossy network, matrices such as carbon losses, net carbon...
Low-carbon electric power systems are often characterized by high shares of renewables, such as wind power. The variable nature and limited predictability of some renewables will require novel system operation methods to properly size and cost-efficiently allocate the required reserves. The current state-of-the-art stochastic unit commitment models internalize this sizing and allocation process by...
Microgrids can serve to integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) and controllable loads in a smarter and more reliable fashion. The operation of residential microgrids with DER during islanded situation is of great significance to both customers and utility providers. This paper proposes two control strategies for a residential microgrid that has a shared energy storage (ES) in islanded mode...
This paper combines an iterative approach based voltage control algorithm for allocating the reactive power outputs of distributed energy sources (DERs) with an Augmented Lagrangian voltage deviation optimization model that takes tap positions into consideration. The approach is applied to a modified IEEE 123 bus distribution test system with several PVs of varying output. Voltage variations due to...
We utilize a for-profit aggregator-based residential demand response (DR) approach to the smart grid resource allocation problem. The aggregator entity, using a given set of schedulable residential customer assets (e.g., smart appliances), must set a schedule to optimize for a given objective. Here, we consider optimizing for the profit of the aggregator. To encourage customer participation in the...
Power loss minimization is a very important aspect in power transmission and distribution. As Distribution Generators (DGs) are rapidly penetrating, the power loss in the distribution systems have been studied in the presence of DGs. It is known that reactive power from DGs can improve voltage profile and reduce line losses. However, excessive use of reactive power from the DGs can increase DG losses...
The Firm energy of generation plants is a critical component in some electricity markets. It is usually calculated by the regulator and sets a cap to the amount a plant can trade in capacity markets (or auctions), in order to avoid free-riding behaviors. Firm energy is a systemic property and, in case of hydro plants, a synergy is observed whenever a cooperative operation occurs, i.e., the firm energy...
The locational mechanisms in MISO's capacity market may result in price separation between different capacity zones due to constraints in limiting capacity transfers between capacity zones. Managing this price separation risk is identified as one of the issues in MISO's resource adequacy construct. A new financial property right, Capacity Transfer Right (CTR), is proposed to hedge against this price...
Although there are vast potential locations to install FACTS devices in a power system, the actual installation number is very limited due to economical consideration. Therefore the allocation strategy exhibits strong sparsity. This paper formulates FACTS device allocation problem as a general sparsity constrained OPF problem and employs Lq(0 <q < 1) norms to enforce sparsity on FACTS devices...
Energy storage can help accelerate increased renewable adoption and enable a more cost effective path to California's 50% renewable energy by 2030. However, successful energy storage projects depend on creating real value for energy production stakeholders. By mapping energy storage performance to application economics, this paper offers a technology neutral look at the economics of using energy storage...
In liberalized electricity markets, it is essential and of great importance to develop a fair transmission cost allocation scheme that is able to reflect the “extent of use” of the transmission facilities as much as possible. In this paper, the transmission capacity is divided into four components: capacity used in normal conditions (CN), capacity reserved for contingencies (CC), capacity reserved...
Profit allocation mechanism (PAM) for aggregating renewable power producers (RPPs) to participate in two-settlement power markets is studied. As opposed to assuming all renewable generation forecast information are publicly known, with a PAM, the aggregator elicits private forecast information from the RPPs, participates in the power markets, and allocate profit to each RPP. A novel profit allocation...
This paper focuses on the coordination of a population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) with unknown parameters to achieve group objectives. The problem involves designing the device bidding and market clearing strategies to motivate self-interested users to realize efficient energy allocation subject to a peak energy constraint. This coordination problem is formulated as a mechanism design...
This two-part paper considers the coordination of a population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) with unknown parameters to achieve group objectives. The problem involves designing the bidding and market clearing strategy to motivate self-interested users to realize efficient energy allocation subject to a peak energy constraint. The companion paper (Part I) formulates the problem and proposes...
Increasing wind capacity integration results in displacement of active power from conventional generators and a reduction in reactive power sources available. As such voltage stability may become a concern in certain periods for power system operation particularly in weaker areas of the network. Thus, it is of importance to consider the AC constraints for optimal wind generation planning (long term)...
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