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In this paper the calibration of sensors in polar orbiter satellites in the GPM constellation has been addressed. Since the lunch of TRMM at 1998, AMSU-B sensors flown on NOAA-15, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, and the MHS sensors flown on NOAA-18, NOAA-19, MetOp-A and MetOp-B have provided an invaluable datasets of full coverage of earth which have been extensively used in weather prediction. Here, the calibration...
A robust XCAL double difference (DD) approach for radiometric calibration has been successfully applied between the TRMM Microwave Imager, TMI, (previous calibration transfer standard for NASA's Precipitation Measuring Mission) and a number of precipitation measuring radiometers in polar sun-synchronous orbits. Now that the TRMM Mission has ended (April 2015), the radiometric transfer standard was...
The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) had been operated in special slow rotation mode to obtain continuous brightness temperatures for the inter-comparison with those of AMSR2 on the Global Change Observation Mission-Water (GCOM-W) for three years. Although its observation coverage is sparse and some calibration uncertainties exist, the data are still very...
The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, launched January 31, 2015, provides global observations of 1.4 GHz Earth thermal emissions from space [1] through its L-band radiometer. Although SMAP's radiometer passband lies within the protected 1.4–1.427 GHz band, both unauthorized in-band transmitters as well as out-of-band emissions from transmitters operating at frequencies adjacent to this...
As Mare Orientale is the youngest and best preserved multiring impact basin on the Moon, it is of essential importance to study its composition and structure for current Moon research. In this paper, the CELMS data from Chang'E-2 satellite are employed to reveal the microwave thermal emission features of the Mare Orientale. The results indicate that the regions with high TB and high TB difference...
Three years radiosoundings measurement at China were inputted in the Salonen-Uppala cloud detection algorithm to distinguish cloud layers, and to estimate cloud liquid water content therein, then atmospheric transmittances of China at frequencies of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) were estimated using MPM and Mie theory. The validation expressed a good...
The impact of the three dimenstion (3D) effect on the passive microwave rainfall estimations is examined by synthetic retrievals employing a Bayesian methodology. The results showed that the uncertainty in the rainfall estimations due to the 3D effect depended on the viewing directions considered in the a-priori information. It was also found that taking more viewing angles or the azimuth angles in...
In this paper the results of multi-frequency (at 5.6GHz, 15GHz and 37GHZ) and polarization measurements of clear and cloudy sky apparent temperatures are presented, measured under various observation angles. The results have been obtained during the measurements carried out in Armenia from the measuring complex built under the framework of ISTC Projects A-872 and A-1524. The measurements were carried...
Based on sparsity or compressibility of microwave radiation images, Compressive Sensing in this paper is adopted to achieve microwave radiation imaging in order to reduce the complexity and hardware cost of the imaging system and get the image of high spatial resolution. Compared with the common wavelet basis, differential matrix is proposed to sparsely represent microwave radiation images. OMP algorithm...
The wind fields retrieved by scatterometers from GMF (Geographical Modelling Function) would be invalidated under rainy conditions, due to scattering and attenuation effects of rain drops. The scatterometer (HSCAT) and the scanning microwave radiometer (RM) onboard HY-2A can give observations over sea surface at the same time. In this paper, firstly, data of HSCAT and RM onboard HY-2A observing rainy...
The MicroWave Radiation Imager (MWRI) onboard FengYun-3C (FY-3C) Satellite is a total-power radiometer observing earth surface and atmosphere at 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5 and 89 GHz with dual polarization. The on-orbit test of FY-3C MWRI was performed shortly after the launch of platform. Sensor performance factors include receiver sensitivity black body stability and scan period stability were tested...
A variational method based on 1Dvar is proposed to retrieve Integrated Precipitable Water vapor (IPW) in typhoon area from brightness temperatures measured by the Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder (MWHTS) on the Chinese Fengyun 3C (FY-3C) polar-orbit meteorological satellite. Water vapor values provided by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were used as background...
Scanning L-band Active/Passive (SLAP) is an airborne remote sensing instrument developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center specifically as an airborne simulator of the Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) satellite instrument suite, for remote sensing of soil moisture, freeze-thaw state, ocean salinity, sea ice, and other physical phenomena that display characteristics at microwave L-band. This paper...
Recent theoretical and experimental studies have indicated the feasibility of passive microwave L-band observations for observing dry snow cover characteristics, namely snow density in the lower approx.. 10 cm of the snowpack. The sensitivity of L-band emission to snow density is based on the dual influence of refraction and impedance matching on observed brightness temperature with changing effective...
Numerical simulation of brightness temperatures of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) over the sea ice-open ocean-atmosphere system is fulfilled for non-precipitating conditions using a database of atmospheric meteorological parameter profiles, model profiles of cloud liquid water and published experimental data for sea ice emissivities. The results of numerical experiment show that...
Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) measurements and Precipitation Radar (PR) data on tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) are collocated to acquire the normalized radar cross sections (NRCS) at low incidence angles. At the same time, the whitecap coverages are concluded from averaging previous results. Using the formation of Kudryavtsev et al, the NRCS of whitecap is obtained. The...
Microwave remote sensing provides an opportunity to retrieve wind speed (WS) inside tropical cyclones (TCs) due to the high atmospheric transmissivity through clouds and under rain conditions. A WS retrieval algorithm for WS above 20m/s in TCs using brightness temperature at 6.8- and 10.7-GHz has been developed and a new set of parameters has been optimized from 6.9GHz and 10.7GHz TB and the HWind...
The Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation product (GSMaP)[1], is a recent solution of satellite-based precipitation estimates which provides global rainfall products of high spatial (0.1°) and temporal resolutions (1 hour). This paper presents a study of GSMaP precipitation products (GSMaP_MVK and GSMaP_Gauge) for a torrential precipitation event in Jinghe Basin (from 06:00 AM on 22 July 2010...
A new constellation comprising of eight microwave small satellites is proposed in this study. This constellation is capable of covering the entire globe every two hours. With six more satellites added and properly arranged, a constellation is able to provide hourly observations of fast-evolving severe weather systems like hurricanes. Compared to current polar-orbiting satellite which normally carries...
The Compact Ocean Wind Vector Radiometer (COWVR) is new type of conical sensor ideal for small satellite implementation. This paper provides an overview of the COWVR sensor, mission and provides perspectives for the future of this technology to enable low-cost sustainable passive microwave observations into the next decade.
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