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Ankle joint stiffness, the dynamic relationship between the joint angle and the torque acting about it, plays an important role in the control of upright stance. In order to identify the contribution of ankle joint stiffness to stance control, ankle joint must be perturbed externally. One way to do this is to displace the foot that will cause shank movement. For identification, the ankle angle must...
Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) is one of the most often measured vital parameters in daily clinical practice. State-of-the-Art non-invasive ABP measurement technologies have obvious limitations and are still mainly based on uncomfortable techniques by complete or partial occlusions of arteries. Additionally, embodiments are bulky, difficult to apply for the layman, or provide only intermittent measurements...
Motor brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) transform neural activities recorded directly from the brain into motor commands to control the movements of an external object by establishing an interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and the device. Bidirectional BMIs are closed-loop systems that add a sensory channel to provide the brain with an artificial feedback signal produced by the interaction...
Cardiac output is an important variable when monitoring hemodynamic status. In particular, changes in cardiac output represent the goal of several circulatory management therapies. Unfortunately, cardiac output is very difficult to estimate, either in experimental or clinical settings. The goal of this work is to compare four techniques to measure cardiac output: pressure-volume catheter, aortic flow...
The use of optical technologies may be beneficial when measuring breathing biomechanics. The purpose of this study was twofold: i) to enhance the optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) algorithm performance for the volume estimation by the use of a novel volume calibration procedure and ii) to compare the OEP volumes gained by a commercial optoelectronic system against actual respiratory volumes measured...
Human variability in electroencephalogram (EEG) poses significant challenges for developing practical real-world applications of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The intuitive solution of collecting sufficient user-specific training/calibration data can be very labor-intensive and time-consuming, hindering the practicability of BCIs. To address this problem, transfer learning (TL), which leverages...
Lithium preparations are considered the most reliable form of mood stabilizing medication for patients with Bipolar disorder. Nevertheless, lithium is a toxic element and its therapeutic range is extremely narrow, with levels of 0.61.0 mEq considered normal, whereas levels above 1.5 mEq are toxic. Thus unfortunately, many patients reach toxic levels that lead to unnecessary complications. It is believed...
This paper explores the general stereotactic accuracy of the Robotic Endoscopic Microsurgical System (REMS) by calibrating with a standard optical tracking system. Based on a simple yet effective test protocol, the proposed calibration method combines hand-eye calibration with Bernstein polynomials to improve our kinematic pose accuracy.
Concussion is currently a serious health problem and can lead to severe brain dysfunction. There is a definite need for sensitive and reliable tests to detect and evaluate the subtle changes in brain function caused by concussion. This study details the development of a low cost portable eye tracking device that can aid in the detection of concussions. The device evaluates ocular motor function and...
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the elderly. Visual loss associated with AMD often results in a central scotoma which is an alteration in the central vision, leading to distortion or loss of vision. Current methods of detecting AMD are typically manual, require holding fixation and an external response trigger. In this paper, we propose the use of...
Monitoring the spontaneous kicking patterns of infants can give insight into their development. A computer vision based method for estimating the pose of an infant's leg from range images is presented in this paper. After some manual inputs for initialization, the range data associated with the infant is extracted. The method uses Robust Point Set Registration (RPSR) to fit an articulated model to...
In this paper, we proposed a novel method for autocalibration of triaxial Micro-Electro-Mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer that does not require any sophisticated laboratory facilities. In particular, this method is an online calibration method which can be conveniently implemented with the accuracy of MEMS accelerometer being significantly improved. The procedure exploits the fact that the output...
Optical motion capture systems are widely used in biomechanics although have not been significantly explored for measuring volumes and volume variations yet. The aim of this study was to propose and test a completely novel procedure for the calibration of motion capture systems for the breathing analysis in terms of volume measurements, by the use of a tool consisting in an ad-hoc designed in-situ...
The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is one of the most commonly used clinical tests to evaluate static postural stability deficits resulting from traumatic brain events and musculoskeletal injury. This test requires a trained operator to visually assess balance and give the subject a performance score based on the number of balance “errors” they committed. Despite being regularly used in several...
Sufficient range of motion of the knee joint is necessary for performing many activities of daily living. Ambulatory monitoring of knee function can provide valuable information about progression of diseases like knee osteoarthritis and recovery after surgical interventions like total knee arthroplasty. In this paper, we describe a skin-mounted, conformal, accelerometer-based system for measuring...
One of the most life-threatening neural conditions is elevated intracranial pressure (ICP); it is associated with ischemia and poor short- and long-term outcomes. Currently, monitoring systems that accurately measure ICP are either highly invasive or inaccurate. This work explores the design and evaluation of an epidural intracranial pressure monitoring system for low-cost, minimally invasive detection...
Echo planar imaging (EPI)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data are often corrupted by Nyquist ghost artifacts resulting from odd-even shifts of the EPI read-outs. Algorithms that corrects for the Nyquist ghost artifacts rely on calibration scans that are collected prior to the data acquisition. However, a more complex pattern of ghosting artifacts arises when diffusion-weighted data are acquired...
This paper presents the methodology used in patient-specific calibration of a novel highly integrated model of the cardiovascular and pulmonary pathophysiology associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). We focus on data from previously published clinical trials on the static and dynamic cardio-pulmonary responses of three ARDS patients to changes in ventilator settings. From this...
The purpose of this study is to develop a sensing system device that measures three-axis orthodontic forces and three-axis orthodontic moments for dentist training. The developed sensing system is composed of six-axis force sensors, action sticks, sliders, and tooth models. The developed system also simulates various types of tooth row shape patterns in orthodontic operations, and measures a 14 ×...
Epidural blockade procedures have gained large acceptance during last decades. However, the insertion of the needle during epidural blockade procedures is challenging, and there is an increasing alarming risk in accidental dural puncture. One of the most popular approaches to minimize the mentioned risk is to detect the epidural space on the base of the loss of resistance (LOR) during the epidural...
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