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In this paper the different factors influencing the low light performance of solar cells and modules are analyzed and combined to simulate the low light performance of different solar module technologies. The parameters for the diverse technologies were extracted from module databases and the simulation was performed on the basis of high resolution weather data from a weather station in Lindenberg...
Soon, rotating inertia of generators use for grid control must be replaced due to the growth of distributed renewable energies. Here, we propose to let also electronic loads contribute to future virtual inertia. It is suggested to use DC link capacitors of power supplies for this task. This requires 5 W, 50 J and a capacitor size of about 200 cm3 per installed kW, corresponding to the size of single...
The existing fossil fuel based power sector has to be transformed towards carbon neutrality in close future to limit global warming to 2°C. The 100% renewable energy (RE) based system will be discussed in the paper. Such a system can be built using already existing energy generation, storage and transmission technologies. A regional integration of Europe, Eurasia and MENA energy systems will facilitate...
This paper summarizes the climatic and national preconditions for photovoltaic energy production in Chile and Bolivia. Furthermore, design process, realization and monitoring of three different photovoltaic energy supply systems for professional schools in Chile and Bolivia are presented: Two 3-phase grid integrated systems and a 1-phase island system. The energy supply is part of an overall professional...
This paper proposes a new decentralized voltage control approach for distribution system in order to deal with the intermittent fluctuations of the renewable energy resources. In this regard a systematic partitioning method which splits distribution networks' graph is presented. Furthermore, an adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the voltage regulation problem in...
A current objective in the field of grid stabilization is the implementation of resistive superconductive fault current limiters (R-SFCLs). After successful development of R-SFCLs at medium voltage level, the technology shall be applied at high voltage level exceeding 100 kV. In the majority of cases high temperature superconductive tapes of the second generation are winded as bifilar coils surrounded...
In this paper, we present a detailed study on surface nanostructuration of <100> orientedp-type Silicon using a Cu assisted chemical etching. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to describe the evolution of the surface morphology and structures during etching. The results show that the formation of either pyramids or inverted pyramids is mainly dependant on the etching time. Well-defined large-scale...
This paper deals with the mathematical optimization of electricity generation of a domestic energy system with different electricity generation systems: a small combined heat and power (CHP) plant, a battery system, and a photovoltaic (PV) system, and simultaneously the optimization of shiftable electric loads. Due to the intermittent availability of renewable sources it is necessary to store the...
The study shows the technical potential of electrical storage solutions for a so called energy region in the northern part of Germany. Based on the model region's targets for the increase of renewable energy capacity and by using annual simulations in hourly time steps, required storage capacity was calculated. Focus is on the electric energy supply. Results were determined under the requirement of...
This paper deals with the investigation and economic evaluation of photovoltaic-battery-grid power supply system in residential and non-residential buildings with different shares of renewable energy in different years, different regulatory boundary conditions and cost degression estimations. A linear programming approach is selected for the determination of technical and economical capabilities of...
In this paper the utilization of air condition systems as a demand response technology is presented and analyzed in order to shift electrical loads and attempt the same effect as electricity storage. The objective is to satisfy good air quality in rooms, e.g. CO2 concentrations less than 1000 ppm. This is done by minimizing operation costs for ventilation plants taking electricity exchange prizes...
One of the main objectives of the social and political discussions in Germany is the use of regenerative electrical energy produced by wind turbines or photovoltaic. Due to the fact that the regenerative energy sources are not always available the consumption of the energy needs to be controlled. The energy generation, distribution and consumption is one of the most complex systems a modern society...
For renewable energies power electronics is a key technology whereas much of the power conversion in the future grid or power plants is done using power electronic converters. By establishing cheaper and smaller solutions to solve the problems dealing with high power transmission the expansion of renewable energies can be advanced. As highly efficient actuators these converters have to be properly...
The paper presents an algorithm to rate off-grid systems. Fraunhofer WiBACK Wireless Backhaul Repeater represents the load of these systems. The WiBACK-Technology including the repeater was developed to bring the internet to rural areas throughout the world. With this background the development of a web application to calculate standalone hybrid-power systems everywhere and for everyone has been considered...
Municipal utilities will play an increasing role for the future energy supply, which will shift to a decentralized structure. We describe an energy management system of a municipal utility including different plants connected to a district heating network. The paper contains the algorithm of the data management, the description of the controlling system, and some optimization aspects of the energy...
Heating and cooling are responsible for half of the EU's energy consumption. A lot of heat is being wasted in the industries. In fact, it is calculated that if waste heat was recovered, the entire EU's building stock heat demand could be covered [1]. Celsius is a co-funded EU research project which is focused on the recovery and the integration of waste energy from local sources in urban heating and...
In the near future renewable energy decentralized generators must provide grid control. Storages are attractive for grid control and especially for primary reserve power. However, providing primary control power with batteries is limited by the capacity of the battery. Losses and imprecise frequency measurements may soon lead to a depleted or full storage. It is possible to reduce this issue by making...
For this study gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) with low platinum loading are prepared for the application as anode in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems based on hydraulic compression. As catalyst support material, carbon nanofibers (CNF) are investigated because of their high specific surface area and high graphitization degree. The electrode preparation is optimized by an economic...
With the advance of technologies, smart house design is becoming a very important area of research applications. A large number of applications in a smart house are controlled by smart devices that incorporates various sensors. Recent consumer surveys show that people are concerned about privacy and security regarding personal information, but also the vulnerabilities found in house appliances. This...
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