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Maintain a perfect sine wave voltage and constant magnitude is really challenging, due to different aspects like the load unbalance, distribution line impedance, poor power factor, non-linear loads etc. Increase in the usage of the semiconductor devices in the appliances that are used in the consumer level as well as industrial level is distorting the voltage quality. Some of the major voltage quality...
Power-flow analysis or load flow analysis is a numerical analysis of the flow of electric power in an interconnected system. The goal of this analysis is to obtain complete information of angle and magnitude of voltage for each bus in a power system for specified load and generator real power and voltage conditions. Once the required information is achieved, real and reactive power flow on each branch...
As solar energy is a renewable energy that has the capacity to lessen the energy crisis in the world, so there is a strong need to harvest and utilize this energy. Solar power is readily available in the regions like UAE, South Asia, etc. so there is a strong need to implement solar power harvesting techniques to lower the energy crisis. This paper describes the simulation and implementation of a...
With increase of distributed generators (DG) in power system, there arise the potential for operation of power system during islanding mode as well. Along with its advantages, there come challenges with protection system due to change in short circuit current (which is the primary factor for overcurrent relay setting). In this paper, investigation of impact of Distributed Generators (DG) in protection...
Pakistan has been facing an acute energy crisis that affects public life and progress of the country. Nuclear power being a safe, clean and reliable source of electricity has a key significance to provide base-load electricity and minimizes the oil, gas and coal imports. Therefore, national policy of Pakistan emphasizes to increase in nuclear share from 800 MWe to 8800 MWe by 2030. The implementation...
Jordan is a developing non-producing oil country; the major part of its needed energy is imported from the neighboring countries in the forms of oil and gas, for example, in year 2007 the demand for primary energy reached about 7438 million tons of oil equivalent, with a growth rate 3.5 % which is 1.2% more than the year before and is expected to be much more in the future due to the immigration from...
Broadened concern for global warming and the dearth of fossil fuels, confronted by the world now a day, has added to the worth of renewable energies in order to realize the eradication of energy shortage. In recent times, many new concepts have been proposed by the researchers to achieve the aforementioned goal. Some of them are pavement energy and Road Power Generation (RPG) techniques. Despite of...
Energy Deficiency problem can be addressed either by increasing generation or by efficient consumption of energy. Shortage of electricity generation and excessive usage of electricity power has promoted the energy conservation measures. Energy audit of building identifies flaws in load consumption; and overall energy performance profile can be improved. This case study presents the complete energy...
Unlike Si Thin film solar cells have appealed scientific community due to direct band gap properties requiring less quantity of material. In thin film solar cells, CdTe and CIGS are prominent candidates with PCE 17% and 20%, respectively. Large scale production from CdTe and CIGS is limited due to unavailability of the elements (In, Te) and environmental concerns with toxic Cd. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has...
Pakistan is among of the developing countries in the world that are facing energy crisis. The generation of electricity in Pakistan is shrinking due to an over reliance on fossil fuel resources and also due to the increasing demands for power and lack of efficiency. Due to this energy crisis, many countries have started the research and working in the renewable energy field. In the fields of renewable...
To avoid blackouts in the energy system, the knowledge of the state of the power lines has critical importance. To get the timely conscience, Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are used to provide real-time synchronized measurements of voltage and current phasors of the buses. The deployment of PMUs is done to first detect any single or multiple line outage, and further to identify the correct line in...
Power electronic DC/DC converters are primarily used in hybrid renewable energy systems having different V-I characteristics. In the past few years, a number of DC/DC topologies have been proposed by the researchers for integration of different renewable sources. Each of these topologies has their advantages and limitations as well as suitability for a particular multi-input sources. The main aim...
The main uses of the research reactor includes research and education, isotope production, neutron activation analysis, neutron physics experiments and fundamental research. Fuel loading in these reactors is smaller than the Nuclear Power Reactors. The spent fuel is usually stored on-site for about ten years. During the storage their activity and decay heat die down. The knowledge of spent fuel activity...
The widespread applications of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) established that there will be a massive inrush of PHEVs by the end of this century. There is a rising risk that this anticipation in the number of PHEVs will impose an extra burden in demand, especially at peak times and, therefore, threaten the stability of existing power grids. To satisfy the additional load of PHEVs, a smart...
Power generation and transmission capability is a problem which Pakistan is facing nowadays. Tajikistan is 8th in the world having reserves of water and other power resources. In the past, Pakistan signed ‘Memorandum of Understanding’ with Tajikistan to import 1000 MW of electricity via Afghanistan. Also, trend in renewable energy is increasing day by day, question is which transmission system should...
The people in Palestine are facing critical situation concerning the achievement of reliable and sustainable energy. The absence of fossil fuel, the scarcity of conventional energy resources and lack of a Palestinian infrastructure for about four decades due to the continuous Israeli occupation had resulted in hindering the development of the country. Palestine has to import all its needs of petroleum...
Renewable Energy Sources such as Solar Photovoltaic, Wind, and Micro hydel power plants are effectively penetrating in the existing power infrastructure to supply clean energy to the end user. These sources can be utilized in Islanded or Grid connected mode. Microgrid operation in Islanded mode is ideal for the locations where existing grid infrastructure is unreachable or power quality is not up...
Electrical energy plays a vital role in the life of mankind due to extensive use of electronic devices and electrical machinery. To provide green energy to user, renewable energy got more importance. Conventionally, renewable energy was used in standalone systems which need heavy capital investment along with high maintenance cost and separate infra-structure. Meanwhile the trend has been changed...
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