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This paper proposes a mean-variance optimization model for the grid-connected microgrid energy management system (MG-EMS). In the proposed method, both the expected system operating cost and the tie-line power fluctuation variance are taken as the objective functions to provide a trade-off between operating benefit and risk assessment for decision makers. Further, robust optimization (RO) has been...
This paper presents the Hardware in the Loop (HiL) validation of a control method to regulate the voltage of the DC Bus fed by Distributed Generation (DG) units in an islanded MVDC microgrid. The disturbance based control, employs a decentralized Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control of individual generator side converters to be executed locally, and which does not need remote measurements of loads...
Scheduling of storage devices in microgrids with multiple renewable energy resources is crucial for their optimal and reliable operation. With proper scheduling, the storage devices can capture the energy when the renewable generation is high and utility energy price is low, and release it when the demand is high or utility energy price is expensive. This scheduling is a multi-step optimization problem...
Resiliency with respect to extreme events, such as a major hurricane, is considered one of the key features of smart distribution systems by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In this paper, approaches to resilient distribution systems are reviewed and analyzed. Three important measures to enhance resiliency, i.e., utilization of microgrids, distribution automation (DA), and vulnerability analysis,...
In the near future, transmission grids will include an increasing share of directly connected voltage source converters. These systems should be able to support the utility grid autonomously. The present paper reviews the most popular approaches to address the challenge of proper load sharing amongst multiple parallel inverters applied to the utility grid case. Originally developed for Microgrid or...
In market operations, Distributed Generators (DGs) and price-sensitive loads participate in a microgrid energy market implemented in JADE. Each DG and each price-sensitive load is represented by the respective agents which perform various functions such as scheduling, coordination and market clearing subject to system, DG and load constraints. Each agent is assigned to one of the several agent objectives...
This paper proposes game theory method to solve the multi-objective optimal operation problem of microgrid. By converting the initial objects into game players and the functions to utility functions and with the help of impact factor and cluster the variables are converted to strategies of every player. By solving the new game theory problem we get an equilibrium result which can take all objects...
Conventional centralized dispatch has inherent drawbacks to handle the increasing penetration of distributed generation in distribution systems. This paper discusses a decentralized synergetic dispatch paradigm for prosumer-based interconnected microgrids, in which a prosumer is defined as an autonomous agent that can produce, consume, and store electricity. We consider a double-sided market mechanism...
In this paper, a communication-assisted protection scheme is proposed for medium voltage dc (MVDC) distribution networks. MVDC grids are applicable for connection between microgrids, upgrading the transmission capacity of ac lines by the conversion to dc, and integration of renewable energy systems to the distribution grids. However, protection issues are one of the main challenges in the development...
This paper proposes a real-time Energy Management System (EMS) for a low voltage (LV) Microgrid (MG). The system operation consists in solving the Unit Commitment (UC) and Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) simultaneously for 24 hours ahead at every 15-minute period. This operation is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem where the minimization of operational cost, total emissions and power...
This paper presents the implementation of a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for integration of solar PV generation with batteries on an active power distribution system, i.e. micro-grid. Here, the discrete-time finite-horizon optimal control problem associated to the MPC is presented as a non- convex optimization problem. Then, this control problem is solved by utilization of a convexification...
A Support Vector Machine (SVM) based approach for microgrid islanding decision and control is investigated. The IEEE 13-feeder system is modified and serves as the microgrid model connected to Kundur four-machine two-area system that models the main transmission grid. A representative data set is obtained through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink considering multiple typical scenarios with or without...
This paper presents an energy scheduling algorithm for a small-scale microgrid serving small to medium size commercial buildings (the Building Microgrid) that includes conventional and renewable distributed generation resources, energy storage, and both linear and nonlinear loads. An essential study objective is to mitigate power quality issues through coordinating the operating schedules of sensitive...
This work aims to describe the implementation of a renewable energy based Microgrid test site facility at the University of Genova (Italy) and to depict the advanced functionalities there implemented within the national supported project Smartgen. The developed advanced Distribution Management System (DMS) is based on a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for the remote monitoring...
Protection scheme for AC transmission systems are well understood and matured. On the other hand, DC system is still facing a challenge in developing proper protection scheme because of its natural characteristics. A protection scheme, which utilizes some of the developed techniques for AC system, and modified to suit the DC system characteristics, is proposed in this paper. The scheme is based on...
This paper discusses the possibilities and the merits of adopting a DC microgrid strategy for enhancing the economics and the resilient operation of the distributed generation systems, and tests the proposed hierarchical control strategy that applies to a DC microgrid based on an existing microgrid at Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). The simulation results are compared with those of an AC microgrid...
Proportionate sharing of load changes in a microgrid without communication among the generators is a difficult problem. In this paper an exact power sharing algorithm is developed that uses an optimization-based technique to minimize the exchange of state information among the generators. To demonstrate the application of the developed framework we present simulation results for a system constructed...
This paper proposes a novel control strategy for coordinated operation of networked Microgirds (MGs) in a distribution system. The distribution network operator (DNO) and each MG are considered as distinct entities with individual objectives to minimize the operation costs. It is assumed that both the dispatchable and nondispatchable distributed generators (DGs) exist in the networked MGs. In order...
This paper presents optimized approaches for microgrid design and allocation of energy storage units to enhance self adequacy of microgrids. Microgrids are clusters of distributed energy resources serving clusters of distributed loads either in grid connected or isolated grid modes. The self adequacy of microgrids is maximized by the optimal installment of energy storage units that can store the spilled...
The traditional ac power system is challenged by the increased amount of distributed energy resources. Enormous changes and investments are necessary in order to achieve an ac smart grid capable of coping with the challenges introduced. In dc, solutions seem to be more straightforward since most of the distributed energy sources and most of the loads connected to the low voltage grid operate with...
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