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In practice, software is often deployed with several hidden bugs despite various test processes and static analyses. Such bugs often cause a phenomenon called software aging that refers to the accumulation of errors occurring in long running software systems that results in a decrease of performance and an increases of the probability to crash the entire system. This paper presents a mechanism to...
A smart electric grid incorporating local generation and storage is an area of active research in the industrial automation community. Very little attention has been given to similar possibilities in hot water grids that are used extensively for district heating in several countries, especially in Central and Northern Europe. In this paper, possibilities for heat trade in such a grid are investigated...
In this paper it is described the prototyping of an instrumented chair that allows to fully-automate the “Timed Up and Go”, the “30-Second Chair Stand” and the “Hand-Force ” tests assessment. The presented functional chair prototype is a low cost approach that uses inexpensive sensors and the Arduino platform as the data acquisition board, with its software developed in LabVIEW. The “Timed up and...
The purpose of this paper is twofold: to depict the patient's journey in operating block of the hospital and to provide a flexible model that matches the reality. In operating block of Jeanne de Flandres Hospital, a daily meeting is held in order to establish the operations that will occur the next day. Organizing a schedule in these circumstances leads to a loss of time and can often lead to conflictual...
Production systems are typically long-living, interdisciplinary systems which undergo continuous evolution. However, especially in the industry of the production automation, any formalized documentation of evolutionary changes is often neither created nor adapted to the application. Accordingly, no knowledge artefacts exist that can be automatically processed in order to support the evolution process...
We face a glut of languages for programming distributed software today. However, only a few languages have proven their potential with wider practical use in different domains of computing. We picked two such languages, meant for different domains, to see if they could cross-pollinate and enrich one another. Specifically, we chose SystemJ, a language to program distributed embedded systems, and IEC61499,...
In component-based and model-driven development it is common to model embedded applications in a platform-independent manner. As an example, some approaches allow development of distributed applications while abstracting away from details of communication between platform nodes. Using such an approach requires to implement this communication before an executable system is deployed. Currently it is...
In this paper a safety-oriented model based software architecture for robotic solutions is proposed. The main focus herein is to consider aspects such as real-time, heterogeneity, deployment, modeling and analysis of emerging effects as well as functional safety and to combine all aspects into an overall development approach. The architecture shall capture the complexity caused by the autonomy and...
Static code analysis techniques are a well-established tool to improve the efficiency of software developers and for checking the correctness of safety-critical software components. However, their use is often limited to general purpose or “mainstream” programming languages. For these languages, static code analysis has found its way into many integrated development environments and is available to...
Modularization aims to improve the flexibility and reconfigurability of manufacturing systems. But the effort and complexity required for the coordination of modules increases with the distribution of intelligence. One of the challenges is the identification of subsystems or automation components in modular manufacturing system which is the focus of this paper. The complete identification of a component...
This work investigates the composition of interdependent software components on a shared platform from a timing perspective. Because we consider software components for vehicular systems, which are often sensitive to timing, the individual components and the composed system require timing analysis. In order to support independent development of components, the real-time systems community proposed...
For a distributed embedded system (DES) to operate continuously in a dynamic environment, it must be flexible and highly reliable. This applies in particular to its communication subsystem. The Flexible Time-Triggered Replicated Star for Ethernet (FTTRS) aims at providing such a subsystem by means of a highly-reliable switched-Ethernet architecture based on the Flexible Time-Triggered paradigm (FTT),...
Machine learning has been applied in image processing system for object recognition, inspection and measurement. It assumes that the provided training objects are representative enough to the real objects. However in real application, new (unlearned) objects always emerge over time, which may deviate from the trained (learned) objects. The conventional image processing system using machine learning...
Automation Systems have to deal with breakdowns of their components which potentially lead to drop-off in production and high follow-up costs. The current solution for this problem is the use of redundant hardware ensuring high availability but causing high costs. Starting from nowadays often used distributed automation systems, this paper proposes a software-based solution for high availability using...
The efficient handling of complex production systems and the implementation of more flexible and adaptable production lies at the heart of cyber-physical production systems and its german equivalent Industry 4.0. Such scenarios currently face one main difficulty: the creation, configuration and maintenance of the corresponding automation software is time-consuming and error-prone. Two main solutions...
Nowadays, industrial control networks are no longer conceived as isolated systems, being them exposed to the same kind of security threats affecting traditional office and business networks. For this kind of systems, the main security requirement is availability, thus the protection measures used to secure industrial control networks must take into account also performance aspects, such as latency...
We present a novel approach for design of manufacturing automation systems with formal verification of selected properties based on the use of Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous programming language SystemJ and industrial-proof verification tools. By being able to prove properties of the automation control logic that consists of multiple concurrent controllers, represented by FSMs that correspond...
We developed an UML-State-charts Object Oriented Design Pattern for PLCs IEC61131-3. This PLC UML-State-chart Design Pattern aims to explore the advantage of Object Oriented Programming by IEC61131-3 in PLCs, and to provide a direct map of UML State-chart to PLC code. We illustrates the design pattern and its use through UML Class diagrams and an application example. This Design Pattern can be used...
In this paper a method is proposed to implement controllers and supervisors for manufacturing systems designed by Petri Nets (PNs) on Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) using Object Oriented Programming (OOP). In the resulting program each instruction is directly related to the evaluation of a transition, to the update of the marking, or to the enabling of a transition. This preserves the structure...
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are at the core of the future industrial control systems. Most industrial CPSs are usually implemented over expensive and domain-specific hardware platforms, such as industrial embedded control systems, mainly for safety and security reasons. In less-critical applications the use of open, low-cost hardware platforms that provide adequate computing capabilities, such as...
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