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Current state legislated renewable portfolio standards (RPS) within the MISO footprint equate to an average requirement of approximately 13 percent of generated electricity by 2025 to come from renewable sources, primarily from wind (which requires an additional 16.2 GW of wind to the existing 10 GW). Typical wind patterns produce higher energy at times when electricity demand is low. Wind generation...
High wind power penetration levels result in additional requirements from wind power in order to improve frequency stability. Replacement of conventional power plants with wind power plants reduces the power system inertia due to the wind turbine technology. Consequently, the rate of change of frequency and the maximum frequency deviation increase after a disturbance such as generation loss, load...
As more and more variable generation is integrated into power grids, many challenges and concerns arise for an individual balancing authority (BA) to balance the system with limited flexible generation resources. Consolidating balancing authorities provides a promising method to mitigate these problems by enabling the sharing of balancing resources through operating different BAs as a single BA. The...
In the scope of a further increase in the production of renewable energy, grid-connected small wind turbines offer a promising new technology. To ensure a market breakthrough of small wind turbines, the cost effectiveness must be maximized. Therefore, the aerodynamic efficiency or power coefficient of the turbine blades is an important factor. This power coefficient is determined by the Tip Speed...
As more renewable energy sources, especially more wind turbines are installed in the power system, analysis of the power system with the renewable energy sources becomes more important. Short-circuit calculation is a well known fault analysis method which is widely used for early stage analysis and design purposes and tuning of the network protection equipments. However, due to current controlled...
Generator curtailment allows Distribution Network Operators to increase the maximum capacity of distributed renewable generation connections to their networks, but curtailment means lost revenue for generators. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) can mitigate curtailment by time-shifting generation away from congested periods and can combine this with other tasks. This paper develops a linear-programming...
With more policies and mandates for electric utilities to meet a portion of their loads using renewable energy, transmission planners are becoming increasingly challenged to evaluate the integration impacts to the electric grid. This paper identifies some planning efforts within the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) region to evaluate the dynamic response of increased penetration of...
We have developed a model for analyzing the system imbalance with different mixes of renewable generation (solar photovoltaic and wind) including in the presence of large pools of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) that participate in vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle operations. Our proposed model also identifies optimal compositions of renewable portfolios that minimize system imbalance reserve...
This paper analyzes the relevant issues concerning the operational strategies for creating a multi-terminal DC offshore power system. In the first part of the paper an adequate test system that considers future wind development plans will be introduced. Further, the reference power flows resulting from the market model for the proposed grid structure will be analyzed. In the second part of the paper...
High penetration of renewable technologies, especially of wind and solar photovoltaic, has added further requirements to the control and supervision of power systems. In particular, their dispersion and their non-manageable variability involve the need to increase the attention and readiness to act of power system operators. In order to cope with these challenges in an efficient manner, control centers...
This paper investigates the effect of wind speed variation on short-circuit current contribution from a fixed-speed wind turbine. The focus is on fixed-speed wind turbines since this type of wind turbines can contribute fault currents as high as 6 or more times the rated current. The study is motivated by the fact that wind speed variation affects the internal voltage of the generator. As a result,...
Large amounts of wind and/or solar energy will have an impact on bulk electricity markets. This panel presentation will provide insight to how scheduling and dispatch rules can help to efficiently integrate wind and solar generation. Possible proxies for wind and solar capacity values that may be useful in capacity markets are also discussed.
This paper proposes market clearing mechanism for wind-thermal power system, including uncertainties in wind power generation and load demand. The stochastic behavior of wind speed and wind power is represented by Weibull probability density function (PDF), and the load demand is represented by normal PDF. This paper considers two objectives: total cost minimization and the system risk level minimization...
The development of large amounts of wind and/or solar energy will have an impact on bulk electricity markets. These variable generation sources increase the level of variability and uncertainty that the power system operator must manage. In this paper we discuss the impact that electricity markets have on the wind producer, using examples from the Nordic system. We also describe two market structures...
Transmission operating and planning procedures in Europe and elsewhere are changing in response to the new challenges posed by wind integration. Evolving procedures for managing transmission congestion and augmenting transmission capacity in Europe and Alberta are summarized and contrasted.
Risk Limiting Dispatch (RLD) is a new framework that integrates complex inputs and allows decision makers to balance tradeoffs and quantify benefits from increased flexibility and improved forecasting. This paper describes a process of forward-contracting for production capacity while considering the full range of operational uncertainties in generation, demand, forecasts, prices, and the risks of...
The frequency behavior of North American grids has recently been the subject of considerably heightened concern. Reports to the North American Electric Reliability Corporation [1] show that “frequency response”, that is, the severity and recovery of grid frequency following large disturbances (typically trip of large thermal generation plants) has been declining over the past two decades. In Texas,...
Variable generation is on track to become a significant contributor to electric power systems worldwide. Thus, it is important to analyze the effect that renewables will have on the reliability of systems. In this paper we present a new tool being implemented at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, which allows the inclusion of variable generation in the power system resource adequacy. The tool...
This paper presents measurements of power quality, with emphasis on voltage and current distortion, simultaneously at two locations in the same windpark, located in northern Sweden. Both harmonics and interharmonics components are considered in the study. Similarities and differences between voltage and current distortion are presented in this paper and possible explanations are discussed. One of...
A growing attention is paid to wind energy as clean with potential of economically feasible resource. Earlier works support onshore wind farms for its lower construction and electricity generation costs. The Gulf of Suez region in Egypt, though rich in wind, is a pathway for the birds' migration from east and west Europe to east and middle Africa during autumn seasons and back to Europe during spring...
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