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In this paper an image correlation algorithm is implemented on FPGA architecture for assisted movements of visually impaired persons or automotive driving systems. Taking into account the limitations of FPGA devices and the special requirements of the correlation based image matching algorithm a semi-parallel approach is proposed. This provides an optimal tradeoff between area and speed of the implemented...
A concept of Cellular Neural Networks with dynamic cell activity control is proposed in the paper. The concept is an extension to the Fixed State Map mechanism and it assumes that cells can be disabled or enabled for processing based on assessment of current distributions of their neighboring signals. A particular case, where this assessment is made by thresholding a result of cross-correlation between...
Oscillatory nonlinear networks represent a circuit architecture for image and information processing. It has been shown that they can be exploited to implement associative and dynamic memories. It has also been shown that phase noise play an important role as a limiting key factor for the performances of oscillatory cells. A tool of paramount importance for the design of oscillatory networks and the...
The paper considers a class of one-dimensional circular standard cellular neural network (CNN) arrays with a typical three-segment piecewise linear activation and two-sided cooperative (positive) interactions (a cooperative CNN ring). Numerical simulations show that in a wide range of interconnection parameters, and for a wide set of initial conditions, the solutions of a cooperative CNN ring display...
This paper presents a concept of a solid-state memcapacitor based on a combination of memristor and capacitor, as well as its applications to cellular nanoscale networks. In addition to ultra-dense memories, memcapacitors can also be used for synaptic connections and threshold control in arrays with capacitively coupled processing units. In principle, the proposed CNN cell structure implements the...
This paper introduces a mapping method for adding a coarse grain (multiple pixels per processor) processing mode to massively parallel cellular processor arrays. The main motivation is to provide the fine grain pixel-parallel processor array with the ability of processing images with higher resolution than the array itself, in a way that is transparent to the programmer. The proposed method accomplishes...
“Let physics do computing” is a promising approach to new-paradigm computing in the beyond CMOS era. Building associative memories based on the physics of nano oscillators, in particular, presents a lot of potential for intelligent information processing. In this paper, we discuss how CMOS supporting circuitries can interface the fabric of nano oscillators with digital computing world. Using CMOS...
We report the fabrication, modeling and implementation of nanoscale tungsten-oxide (WOx) memristive (memristor) devices for neuromorphic applications. The device behaviors can be predicted accurately by considering both ion drift and diffusion. Short-term memory and memory enhancement phenomena, and the effects of spike rate, timing and associativity have been demonstrated. SPICE modeling has been...
Spin torque nanodevices could provide a platform for computation beyond Moore's law. The network of spin oscillators can have only local, cellular interconnections because of the underlying physics: the interaction between the oscillators happens through the magnetic field. In this paper we describe the dynamics of weakly coupled spin-torque oscillator networks and how the dynamics of these cellular...
We used diluted hydrofluoric acid to shrink the feature size of a silicon dioxide nanoimprint mold to sub-10 nm regime. Using this mold, we have fabricated memristor crossbar arrays using nanoimprint lithography. We demonstrated that memristor devices with small junction areas exhibited bipolar non-volatile switching behavior with high ON/OFF ratio and low operational current.
A visual sense-and-avoid system is introduced in this paper. The system is designed to operate on small and medium sized UAVs, and to be able to detect and avoid small manned and unmanned aircrafts. The intruder detection is done on a 4650×1280 sized video flow which is processed by a many-core cellular processor array real-time.
Applying afocal optical systems in microscopy, especially in digital holographic microscopy (DHM) have several advantages. We have investigated some possible implementations theoretically and experimentally as well. Space bandwidth product of an afocal system can exceed that of the conventional ones. Afocal systems provide higher resolution and much less distortions. Furthermore, the computational...
Vision chips are natural candidates for being among the first areas that are able to utilize the emerging 3D integration possibilities. In some 2D vision chip architechtures there are pixel level AD and/or DA converters that are used for various purposes. This article covers the challenges and needs when targeting a megapixel architechture within a 1cm2 chip area. The Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) on...
By developing a self referenced digital holographic microscope it becomes possible to record holograms and numerically reconstruct volumetric images of low coherence fluorescent objects such as (auto)fluorescent biological samples (e.g. algae). Our goal was to develop and construct a simple, compact portable device. In contrast to the common holographic approaches where there is a conventional reference...
Aberration correction using Reference Conjugated Hologram (RCH) method is investigated. However we use it not for a single but for a number of reconstructed object planes in Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM). We build an off-axis DHM for testing the performance of the method. The limits of this method have been studied. We compare in-line with aberration compensated off-axis DHM. The in-line DHM...
The retina inspired approaching object detection algorithm — based on the recently identified Pvlab-5 ganglion cell — is a computationally easy segmentation free method. The original method can detect only the dark looming objects against bright background. This paper shows a modified algorithm, which can detect any looming and recessing objects against dark or bright background. Moreover, we show...
Background estimation and elimination is an indispensable step of hologram processing. Its application ensures that the fix pattern noise caused by the deposits, dirt and other impurities of the measuring chamber and the optical system do not contaminate the reconstructed holograms and improves the efficiency of the object segmentation. It is conventionally solved by averaging large number of holograms...
Memristor is a two-terminal non-linear passive electrical device. After its recently successful fabrication, a variety of applications based on memristor have been explored, such as non-volatile memory, reconfigurable computing and neural network. However, one major challenge when designing hybrid CMOS memristor integrated circuit is the lack of SPICE-like simulator for design validation. Current...
In the paper a framework for generating a locally controlled arithmetic unit is presented including graph generation from a mathematical expression, graph partitioning to determine locally controlled parts of the design and VHDL generation. The output of the framework is a pipelined architecture containing locally controlled groups of floating point units. It is demonstrated that both partitioning...
A simple and compact memristor-based bridge circuit which is able to perform signed synaptic weighting in neuron cells is proposed. The proposed memristor-based synapse is composed of four memristors which makes a bridge type configuration. By programming different values on each memristor of the memristor bridge circuit, weighting values can be set on the memristor bridge synapses. Various simulation...
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