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Control and designing observer for active suspension system by using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is the purpose of this paper. In this respect, the linear quadratic regulator has been chosen for a controlling strategy, and the observer design is used for road profile estimation because all the states cannot be measured in real systems. It is indicated by the plotted results and in theory that...
Generally, the effect of thermal interface material on thermal behavior of system-level light-emitting diode was presented. Application of thermal tape and thermal paste were selected to be applied on the contacting surfaces between package and heat sink. Thermal Transient Tester and T3Ster-Master software were adopted for thermal transient recording and evaluation. From the studies, it was observed...
Generally, non-conducting polymers such as Poly-vinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) are defined as the polymers with high resistivity [1]. Although these type of polymers are useful for a variety of chemical sensor types, the use of PVP as the a sensing layer has been rarely reported. Recently, He at al. [2] has electrospin-coated the PVP fibers onto the Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) device and successfully functions...
III-Nitrides semiconductor compound has been well recognized and become potential material for optoelectronics device applications as it has superior properties such as large and direct band gap, high-saturation velocity and high breakdown field [1]. High quality III-Nitrides materials have been grown by various methods and molecular beam technique (MBE) has become one of the leading growth techniques...
Tantalum (V) Nitride, Ta3N5, is one semiconductor material that able to absorb visible light up to 600 nm. Since Ta3N5 is also stable under light irradiation, the applications of Ta3N5 as a visible light-driven photocatalyst have been investigated for various reactions, such as for hydrogen production from water splitting reaction [1, 2] and organic decompositions [3]. Recently, we successfully reported...
In this work, ZnO, N-doped ZnO(NZO), Al-doped ZnO(AZO) and Al, N-doped ZnO(ANZO) thin films were prepared by the sol-gel spin-coating method based on zinc acetate dihydrate(CH3COO)2Zn·2H2O, Aluminium acetate (C4H7AlO5), Ammonium acetate(CH3COONH4), absolute ethanol (C2H5OH) and diethanolamine ((HOCH2CH2)2NH, DEA). All films were spin-coated on borosilicate substate for several coating repetition followed...
At present, sapphire (Al3O2) has been commercially used as the substrate for GaN (gallium nitride) based structure and device. Such substrate, however would not sustain long-term economic growth as the low-cost semiconductor device based product at larger scale is impossible. Alternatively, Si (silicon) substrate offers many advantages as it is cheap, good thermal conductivity, easy to fabricate and...
Increasing short channel effects like drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and VT roll-off are serious impediments to further scaling of conventional MOSFET. These limitations instigated all researchers to look for innovative devices. Non-scalable sub-threshold swing in MOSFET limits its application in high speed and low power application. Tunnel FET is a strong candidate in high speed and low power...
Many organic dyes from natural extracts have been applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and reported in [1]-[8]. The natural dyes are obtained by purification from fruits, flowers, and leaves of plants. So far, the natural dyes give conversion efficiencies from 0.2%–7.6%. Thus, structure modification of the natural dyes promises to improve the efficiencies.
To fabricate a good solar cell, doping concentration play a role. As such, right doping concentration selection is necessary to produce high output value and then contribute to high efficiency. As starting material used are monocrystalline Cz p-type (100) silicon wafer with a resistivity of about 1 Ω.cm [1] and were polished on one side [2]. On the polished side, by using plasma chamber n-layer were...
There are several equation sets that are used to characterize of the performance parameters of a quantum well (QW) lasers. One of simple and important equations groups which are used to study of laser characteristics in the almost powerful and expensive simulation tools such as Crosslight, ISE TCAD and SILVACO is of rate equations. A numerical analysis of rate equations is a powerful tool to study...
Various theoretical studies have been done to investigate the structural parameters and electronic bandgap as well as optical properties using different techniques. In this study, we present structural and electronic bandgap of anatase and rutile titanium dioxide investigations by applying ultrasoft pseudo-potential plane wave approach developed within the frame of density functional theory (DFT)...
Zinc oxide (ZnO), with a high exciton binding energy (60 meV) and a large band gap (3.37 eV at room temperature). ZnO is a material strong agreed to implementations in ultra-violet (UV) optoelectronic devices, for example light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes (LDs), field-effect transistors (FETs), and solar blind ultraviolet (UV) photo detectors [1]. As a means to enhance the ohmic contacts,...
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are promising materials which have been investigated for photovoltaic and photosensor applications. The applications of ZnO based thin films are due to several unique material properties where it is a II-IV semiconductor with a wide direct bandgap of 3.2 eV at room temperature, which is almost similar to titanium dioxide (TiO2) material. In many...
We propose a new design of THz frequency carrier generation for medical applications. The dense wavelength division multiplexing can be generated by using a Gaussian pulse propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator and Add/drop filter. Results obtained have shown that region of frequency can be obtained between 30–100 THz. This area of frequency band can be used for medical applications. The...
Ferroelectric materials offer promising features that are useful for microelectronic devices but they have not been popular for microwave integrated circuits due their preparation methods which are not compatible with integrated circuit manufacturing. In contrast, new dielectric materials are required for microwave integrated circuits (MIC) so that their performance is improved. Improved materials...
Research on heterogeneous integration system implementation for high-performance and low-power large scale integration (LSI) is in great demand and continues to grow. The co-integration of alternative materials such as Ge and III-V channels on Si substrate is essential in order to fully utilize the conventional Si CMOS platform. Thus, it opens up the feasibility of advance device technologies along...
Gallium Nitrides (GaNs) are considered as the most promising materials for liquid-phase sensor applications due to their chemical stability and high internal piezoelectric polarization [1–4]. In this work, the sensing responses of undoped-AlGaN/GaN two terminal devices upon exposure to various pH levels in aqueous solution (a mixture of HCl and NaOH) as well as their possible sensing mechanism have...
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