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Early recovery after stroke is significant for slow emergence of volitional movement. Initial movements are constrained by stereotypical co-activation of muscle groups such as shoulder abductors and distal limb flexors resulting in the loss of independent joint control. The objective of this study was to utilize new quantitative methods to evaluate the emergence and progression of the loss of independent...
Wearable inertial systems have recently been used to track human movement in and outside of the laboratory. Continuous monitoring of human movement can provide valuable information relevant to individual's level of physical activity and functional ability. Traditionally, orientation has been calculated by integrating the angular velocity from gyroscopes. However, a small drift in the measured velocity...
For any image guided surgery, independently of the technique which is used (navigation, templates, robotics), it is necessary to get a 3D bone surface model from CT or MR images. Such model is used for planning, registration and visualization. We report that graphical representation of patient bony structure and the surgical tools, interconnectively with the tracking device and patient-to-image registration...
In order to improve the quality of life of persons who lost their limb due to an accident or a sickness, many myoelectric artificial arms have been proposed. To control the motion of the elbow joint of the myoelectric arm, the EMG signals of the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii muscles are frequently used as input signals. However, since both muscles are the biarticular muscles between the shoulder...
Current methods for the evaluation of upper extremity dynamics during wheelchair mobility in children are limited. The goal of this study was to characterize upper extremity joint kinematics during wheelchair mobility. A 3-D biomechanical model of the upper extremities is presented for kinematic assessment of manual wheelchair propulsion in children with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). The bilateral upper...
Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) may be able to augment functional arm and hand movement after stroke. However, neuroprostheses that combine voluntary effort and FES must take into account the co-contraction patterns (synergies) that are common across multiple joints. The goal of this study is to determine the principles under which voluntary effort and FES can be combined to achieve useful...
Analyzing activities of daily living (ADL) for the development of practical upper limb rehabilitation robots is challenging in stroke patients. Basic ADL tasks using an upper limb are defined based on clinical assessment tools. The motions of 8 healthy participants and 8 stroke patients were recorded during defined ADL tasks, and then analyzed with respect to completion time, linearity of motion,...
Acquiring the skillful movements of experts is a difficult task in many fields. If we find quantitative indices of skillful movement, we can develop an adaptive training system using the indices. We focused on throwing darts in our previous study. It was found that optimization criteria of sum of squared joint torque changes over time was negatively correlated with subject's scores, suggesting that...
We tend to look at targets prior to moving our hand towards them. This means that our eye movements contain information about the movements we are planning to make. This information has been shown to be useful in the context of decoding of movement intent from neural signals. However, this is complicated by the fact that occasionally, subjects may want to move towards targets that have not been foveated,...
Strokes affect over 750,000 people annually in the United States. This significant and disabling condition can result in paralysis that must be treated by regular sessions with a dedicated physical therapist in order to regain motor function. However, the use of therapists is expensive, in high demand, and requires patient travel to a rehabilitation clinic. We propose an inexpensive and wearable upper...
Designing an upper extremity exoskeleton for people with arm weakness requires knowledge of the passive and active residual force capabilities of users. This paper experimentally measures the passive gravitational torques of 3 groups of subjects: able-bodied adults, able bodied children, and children with neurological disabilities. The experiment involves moving the arm to various positions in the...
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