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In this paper, a simple and effective strategy is proposed for the coordination of protective devices in typical radial distribution networks embedding distributed generation units. The proposed strategy benefits from microprocessor-based reclosers and directional elements for feeder relays, and addresses the issues of blinding of protection, false tripping, recloserfuse and fuse-fuse miscoordination,...
Merchant transmission projects (MTPs) are primarily market solutions for importing inexpensive power when this energy is available. As a market driven solution, full recovery of the investment is not guaranteed. In general, the recovery is based on transmission service charges and the value of incremental financial transmission rights (FTRs) created by the project. Since FTRs are valuable only when...
Pioneering efforts in showing how electricity energy storage can be a valuable asset in a Smart Grid Distribution System have been in process for the last few years. Several demonstration projects were completed to show how substation loading could be controlled and managed to delay upgrades. The next step was to show how the load deferral benefit could be combined with distribution circuit automation...
The rapid increase in installed distributed generation (DG) has led to concerns about the impact on the proper operation of the protection system. In particular, the limited fault current capability of inverter interfaced distributed generation (IIDG) could lead to malfunctioning of the distribution network protection system which largely relies on overcurrent based protection techniques. The absence...
Asymmetric information in the electricity market creates incentive for customer aggregators (ESCOs, EMCOs, LSEs, etc.) to bid strategically as new information arrives. Such companies are pooling demand to provide enhanced services to customers. Since such demand pooling companies are not defined generically, all types of demand pooling companies will be termed demand serving company (DSC) to not confuse...
A small scale distributed generation system was designed, built and evaluated over the past 23 years at the University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML). This paper highlights both previous and current research that is being done on the system.
This paper proposes a new pricing mechanism and dispatch model for reactive power service from distributed generation (DG) resources, including wind turbines and solar photovoltaic plants, connected to a low voltage distribution system. Novel cost functions of reactive power service are proposed for DG resources as well as alternative VAR suppliers such as STATCOM and capacitor banks, taking into...
Notwithstanding the positive environmental impact, the increasing penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) units connected to the distribution network raises new topics concerning the expected response of these during outages. Grid disturbances especially at the transmission level can cause the unwanted disconnection of large amounts of DG, leading to undesired power imbalances causing line overloadings...
This paper presents the result of quantitatively evaluating the energy saving effect by the combination of pHV and SOFC as parameters of the usage pattern of pHV and the demand characteristic of a house. First, we modeled energy system models of the house, and derived the optimal operation of pHV and SOFC by the analysis. Then, we compared the analysis result of various driving patterns, driving distances,...
In this paper, a dynamic power limiter at the point of common coupling (PCC) of a micro-grid is proposed. A 60Hz, step-down transformer is generally used at the PCC to connect the micro-grid to the power system grid. Substitution of the conventional 60Hz transformer by a dynamic power limiter has the following advantages: 1) Bi-directional active-power control capability at the PCC which results in...
Microgrids can be viewed as a group of Distributed Generation (DG) units with the capability of operating connected or isolated from the main grid. Most of the work conducted in the area of microgrids focused on developing new control schemes that can maintain the voltage and frequency within standard limits during grid connected and islanded mode of operation. An issue of equal importance is the...
As the issues on market deregulation and renewable energy utilization are gaining significance, distributed generators are planned and installed in distribution systems to supply consumers directly. The distribution system is, therefore facing new challenges on its dynamic behavior with the addition of new dynamic devices. This paper investigates the small signal stability of renewable energy based...
In support of work to assess and ensure the reliability and resiliency of Florida's power generation, transmission, and distribution system as load and generation evolve in future years, groundwork is presented for the development of an open, dynamic model of the Florida grid and geographically distributed projections for growth in load and generation within the state. Using load forecasts provided...
Summary form only given. The paper presents that smart microgrid could offer a perfect power system with higher reliabilities which could guide customers to lower their costs and utilize electricity more efficiently. The task of improving the efficiency and upgrading the resiliency of the electric grid, in order to support clean and renewable energy, is one we cannot let be exported or delegated overseas...
Synchronized measurements became recently an affordable tool ready to be implemented not only at transmission system level but also at distribution level, mostly in conjunction with the applicability of the smart grid approach. As a preliminary step of introducing PMUs on a larger scale, extensive measurements campaigns, primarily dedicated to power quality purposes, were conducted within medium and...
Reliability of distribution systems is an important issue in power engineering for both utilities and customers. Power distribution reliability is closely related to individual component reliability. In this paper, the reliability as measured by certain count indices, mainly the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), is quantified...
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems are an emerging concept of utilizing the battery storage of electric vehicles (EVs) for providing power system regulation services. This technology could be used to balance the variable electricity generated from various renewable energy sources. This article considers a model of an aggregated electric vehicle based battery storage to support an isolated power system...
Power Systems (PS), have been affected by substantial penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) and the operation in competitive environments. The future PS will have to deal with large-scale integration of DG and other distributed energy resources (DER), such as storage means, and provide to market agents the means to ensure a flexible and secure operation. Virtual power players (VPP) can aggregate...
This paper presents an infrastructure and laboratory implementation of a hardware test-bed system emulating alternate sources and conventional power plant emulators connected as a complete power system. The distributed generation components were connected to the test-bed to study the issues of connecting alternates and various types of loads during operations. The various sources and loads can be...
The interest in the integration of distributed generation into distribution systems has been increased in different countries all over the world as economic and environmental factors drive new technologies to be more efficient and less polluting than their earlier counterparts. As the penetration level of DG increases, the distribution system performance has to be analyzed in details. This work investigates...
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